Improving OBN seismic data processing using 3D directional designature techniques in deep water areas

Gun arrays used in marine seismic surveys are inherently directional sources, with their signatures varying with azimuth and take-off angle. Traditional 1D designature methods, which assume a vertical and directionally invariant signature, often lead to unsatisfactory results in complex environments, particularly at far offsets where the assumptions of vertical far-field signatures break down. In contrast, 3D directional designature techniques, which explicitly consider the source's take-off angle and azimuth, have the potential to significantly improve the quality of seismic data by addressing these issues. In this paper, we present the application of 3D source directional designature to deep-water ocean bottom node (OBN) data, demonstrating its effectiveness in reducing artifacts, enhancing spatial consistency, and improving overall data quality.