Realistic 4D OBN seismic data simulation for Brazilian pre-salt settings

We propose and demonstrate a methodology to simulate realistic 4D OBN seismic data for typical Brazilian pre-salt oilfield settings. Based on data from an actual baseline and monitor OBN survey recorded in a pre-salt field, we simulate time-lapse data, including several non-repeatability effects (variation in water layer velocity, variation of source and receiver coordinates, clock drift, sea surface reflectivity) and realistic time-lapse rock property variations in the reservoir. To validate our methodology, we compare our results with real 4D seismic data. This methodology may be used to simulate the various sources of 4D noise, calibrated to the region of interest, to develop methods to mitigate them.