PutinismRussia challengeRussian invasion of UkraineUS triumphalismWestern policy
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Abstract (AI)
A key part of the contemporary Russia challenge is the West’s tendency to misread that country, both its capacity for reform and the West’s own impact on the choices that have shaped its trajectory. Excess faith in the power of the market and the applicability of social science theories skewed Western policy toward Russia in the 1990s, fuelling the xenophobic and nationalistic narratives that laid the foundations of Putinism. Misreading Russia’s historical insecurities after the collapse of the USSR ensured that US triumphalism would play badly in Moscow, contributing to the toxic environment in which Putin ultimately opted to invade Ukraine. None of this justifies the recent excesses of the Putin regime, but it does help to make them intelligible. Appreciating how the West has misread and mismanaged Russia in the past should contribute to more realistic and more effective approaches in the future. La Russie incomprise Un élément capital de l’« énigme russe » repose dans la tendance occidentale à mal interpréter la Russie, tant dans sa capacité pour la réforme que dans l’impact que l’Occident lui-même a pu avoir sur les décisions qui ont déterminé sa trajectoire. Durant les années 1990, une foi excessive en le pouvoir de l’économie de marché et en l’application des théories des sciences sociales a biaisé la politique occidentale vis-à-vis de la Russie, alimentant les courants xénophobes et nationalistes qui sont à la source du poutinisme. L’incompréhension des insécurités historiques de la Russie après la chute de l’URSS a fait en sorte que le triomphalisme américain a été mal reçu à Moscou, ce qui a contribué à la création de l’environnement toxique qui entourait Poutine et a, ultimement, participé à l’invasion russe de l’Ukraine. Rien de cela ne justifie les récents excès du régime de Poutine, mais cela permet de les rendre plus intelligibles. Décortiquer comment l’Occident a échoué à comprendre et à gérer le cas de la Russie par le passé devrait permettre d’établir des approches plus réalistes et efficaces pour le futur.
Key Findings
1
Excessive faith in markets and social-science theories distorted Western Russia policy in the 1990s and helped fuel xenophobic and nationalist narratives underpinning Putinism.
2
Failure to understand Russia’s post-Soviet historical insecurities made American triumphalism counterproductive in Moscow and contributed to the toxic context preceding the invasion of Ukraine.
3
Understanding how the West misread and mismanaged Russia can support more realistic and effective future policy, without justifying Putin’s regime or its aggression.
4
Western policymakers misread Russia’s capacity for reform and underestimated the West’s influence on Russia’s political trajectory.
Research Object
Russia's post-Soviet political trajectory and the Putin regime
Research Subject
Western misinterpretation and mismanagement of Russia, including assessments of its reform capacity, historical insecurities, and the effects of Western policies
Publication Details
Publication Date
2024-09-10
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