Digital Oceans: Artificial Intelligence, IoT, and Sensor Technologies for Marine Monitoring and Climate Resilience

Oceans cover over 70% of our planet's surface and play a pivotal role in regulating climate, supporting biodiversity, and enabling global commerce. Yet, despite their significance, our understanding and monitoring of oceanic systems remain limited—largely due to the vastness, variability, and inaccessibility of marine environments. In recent years, the convergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), and advanced marine technologies has enabled a transformative shift in how oceans can be observed, analyzed, and understood in real time. This book aims to serve as a comprehensive reference and guide for researchers, engineers, environmental scientists, and maritime professionals who are leading or supporting this digital evolution of the oceans. The book is organized into nine chapters, each addressing a critical dimension of the smart ocean ecosystem—from sensor architectures and AI-based forecasting models to marine pollution detection, ethical concerns, and future technological trajectories. It incorporates practical case studies, global initiatives, and emerging standards to ensure relevance across academic, industrial, and policy-making domains.