Network traffic classification: Techniques, datasets, and challenges

In network traffic classification, it is important to understand the correlation between network traffic and its causal application, protocol, or service group, for example, in facilitating lawful interception, ensuring the quality of service, preventing application choke points, and facilitating malicious behavior identification. In this paper, we review existing network classification techniques, such as port-based identification and those based on deep packet inspection, statistical features in conjunction with machine learning, and deep learning algorithms. We also explain the implementations, advantages, and limitations associated with these techniques. Our review also extends to publicly available datasets used in the literature. Finally, we discuss existing and emerging challenges, as well as future research directions.