Association of TNF-⍺ promoter polymorphisms with COVID-19 susceptibility and severity: a study from South India

Ассоциация полиморфизмов промотера TNF-α с восприимчивостью к COVID-19 и тяжестью заболевания: исследование из Южной Индии
M. L. N. Deepika, Aryan Gupta, C. Lalitha Pavani
2026-02-06
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COVID-19 severityCOVID-19 susceptibilitySouth Indian populationTNF-α promoter polymorphismshaplotype analysisodds ratio (OR)−1031 (T/C) polymorphism−308 (G/A) polymorphism
Abstract (AI)
Abstract Background −1031 (T/C) and AA for − 308 (G/A) showing a higher risk for disease susceptibility (OR = 3.5 and 8.7, respectively) and severity (OR = 1.99 and 8.59, respectively). Elevated levels of all biochemical markers were significantly correlated with higher severity of disease. Haplotype analysis demonstrated that individuals with variants at both loci exhibited the highest risk (OR = 3.67) for COVID-19. Conclusion These findings suggest that TNF-α polymorphisms may serve as potential genetic markers for predicting COVID-19 susceptibility and progression in South Indian population.
Key Findings
1
Elevated levels of all measured biochemical markers correlate significantly with higher COVID-19 disease severity in this South Indian cohort.
2
Individuals carrying variants at both −1031 and −308 loci (specific haplotype) have the highest risk for COVID-19 (OR = 3.67).
3
TNF-α promoter polymorphism −1031 (T/C) is associated with increased COVID-19 susceptibility (OR = 3.5) and increased severity (OR = 1.99).
4
TNF-α promoter polymorphism −308 (G/A) genotype AA is associated with markedly higher COVID-19 susceptibility (OR = 8.7) and higher severity (OR = 8.59).
5
TNF-α promoter polymorphisms may serve as potential genetic markers to predict COVID-19 susceptibility and progression in the South Indian population.
Research Object

TNF-α promoter polymorphisms (−1031 T/C and −308 G/A variants) in the South Indian population

Research Subject

Association of these TNF-α promoter polymorphisms with COVID-19 susceptibility and disease severity (including haplotype risk and correlation with biochemical severity markers)

Publication Details
Publication Date
2026-02-06
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Authors
M. L. N. Deepika
Aryan Gupta
C. Lalitha Pavani
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