BreastScreening-AI: Evaluating medical intelligent agents for human-AI interactions

In this paper, we developed BreastScreening-AI within two scenarios for the classification of multimodal beast images: (1) Clinician-Only; and (2) Clinician-AI. The novelty relies on the introduction of a deep learning method into a real clinical workflow for medical imaging diagnosis. We attempt to address three high-level goals in the two above scenarios. Concretely, how clinicians: i) accept and interact with these systems, revealing whether are explanations and functionalities required; ii) are receptive to the introduction of AI-assisted systems, by providing benefits from mitigating the clinical error; and iii) are affected by the AI assistance. We conduct an extensive evaluation embracing the following experimental stages: (a) patient selection with different severities, (b) qualitative and quantitative analysis for the chosen patients under the two different scenarios. We address the high-level goals through a real-world case study of 45 clinicians from nine institutions. We compare the diagnostic and observe the superiority of the Clinician-AI scenario, as we obtained a decrease of 27% for False-Positives and 4% for False-Negatives. Through an extensive experimental study, we conclude that the proposed design techniques positively impact the expectations and perceptive satisfaction of 91% clinicians, while decreasing the time-to-diagnose by 3 min per patient.