antimicrobial treatmentsbottom-up approachescancer therapycarbon-based nanoparticlescatalysisdrug deliveryenvironmental remediationgreen nanoparticlesimaginginorganic nanoparticlesnanoparticle-based drug formulationsnanoparticlesorganic nanoparticlespolymeric nanoparticlessynthesis methodstop-down approaches
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Abstract (AI)
Nanotechnology has emerged as one of the most influential scientific advancements of the 21st century, enabling precise manipulation of materials at the nanoscale. Nanoparticles, ranging from 1 to 100 nm, exhibit unique physicochemical and biological properties that make them valuable in diverse scientific and industrial domains. This review provides an overview of the classification, synthesis methods, and applications of nanoparticles. It discusses organic, inorganic, carbon-based, polymeric, and green nanoparticles, highlighting their synthesis through both top-down and bottom-up approaches. Furthermore, the article explores the major biomedical and technological applications, including drug delivery, cancer therapy, antimicrobial treatments, imaging, catalysis, and environmental remediation. The advantages and limitations of nanoparticles are summarized, along with examples of nanoparticle-based drug formulations that have improved therapeutic efficacy and reduced toxicity. Overall, this review emphasizes the potential of nanotechnology in advancing modern medicine, materials science, and sustainable development
Key Findings
1
Major applications include biomedical uses (drug delivery, cancer therapy, antimicrobial treatments, imaging) and technological uses (catalysis, environmental remediation).
2
Nanoparticle-based drug formulations can improve therapeutic efficacy and reduce toxicity, as evidenced by examples summarized in the review.
3
Nanoparticles (1–100 nm) possess unique physicochemical and biological properties enabling diverse scientific and industrial applications.
4
Nanoparticles are classified as organic, inorganic, carbon-based, polymeric, and green, synthesized via top-down and bottom-up approaches.
5
The review outlines both advantages and limitations of nanoparticles, emphasizing their potential for advancing medicine, materials science, and sustainable development.
Research Object
Nanoparticles (1–100 nm) as a class of materials
Research Subject
Their classification, synthesis methods (top-down and bottom-up), physicochemical and biological properties, and biomedical/technological applications (e.g., drug delivery, cancer therapy, antimicrobials, imaging, catalysis, environmental remediation), including advantages and limitations
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2026-05-28
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