Intrusion detection system for automotive Controller Area Network (CAN) bus system: a review

The modern vehicles nowadays are managed by networked controllers. Most of the networks were designed with little concern about security which has recently motivated researchers to demonstrate various kinds of attacks against the system. In this paper, we discussed the vulnerabilities of the Controller Area Network (CAN) within in-vehicle communication protocol along with some potential attacks that could be exploited against it. Besides, we present some of the security solutions proposed in the current state of research in order to overcome the attacks. However, the main goal of this paper is to highlight a holistic approach known as intrusion detection system (IDS) which has been a significant tool in securing networks and information systems over the past decades. To the best of our knowledge, there is no recorded literature on a comprehensive overview of IDS implementation specifically in the CAN bus network system. Thus, we proposed an in-depth investigation of IDS found in the literature based on the following aspects: detection approaches, deployment strategies, attacking techniques, and finally technical challenges. In addition, we also categorized the anomaly-based IDS according to these methods, e.g., frequency-based, machine learning-based, statistical-based, and hybrid-based as part of our contributions. Correspondingly, this study will help to accelerate other researchers to pursue IDS research in the CAN bus system.