A Full Quantum Generative Adversarial Network Model for High Energy Physics Simulations

Abstract The prospect of quantum computing with a potential exponential speed-up compared to classical computing identifies it as a promising method in the search for alternative future High Energy Physics (HEP) simulation approaches. HEP simulations, such as employed at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN, are extraordinarily complex and require an immense amount of computing resources in hardware and time. For some HEP simulations, classical machine learning models have already been successfully developed and tested, resulting in several orders of magnitude speed-up. In this research, we proceed to the next step and explore whether quantum computing can provide sufficient accuracy, and further improvements, suggesting it as an exciting direction of future investigations. With a small prototype model, we demonstrate a full quantum Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) model for generating downsized eight-pixel calorimeter shower images. The advantage over previous quantum models is that the model generates real individual images containing pixel energy values instead of simple probability distributions averaged over a test sample. To complete the picture, the results of the full quantum GAN model are compared to hybrid quantum-classical models using a classical discriminator neural network.