Hurricane Andrew's Landfall in South Florida. Part I: Standardizing Measurements for Documentation of Surface Wind Fields

All available wind data associated with Hurricane Andrew’s passage were analyzed for periods corresponding to landfall south of Miami and emergence from southwest Florida. At landfall in southeast Florida, maximum sustained 1-min surface wind speeds VM1 reached just over 60 m s01 in the northern eyewall over land; by the time Andrew exited the Florida peninsula, the peak value of VM1 over land decreased to 40–45 m s01. Radar reflectivity observations from Tampa and Melbourne could not support an obvious correlation of convective cell development with coastal convergence during landfall on the southeast coast. On the southwest coast, however, convective cell development in the southern eyewall was supported by a coastal convergence maximum. Com-parison of the wind swath with two independent Fujita-scale damage maps indicated that peak swath speeds compared well with damage-derived speed equivalents in the worst damaged areas but were higher than equiv-alents in moderately damaged areas. Comparison of the analysis maximum wind swath with an engineering survey of damaged homes suggests that homes exposed to a wide range of wind directions while subjected to high wind speeds suffered the most damage. Potential real-time applications of wind field products include warning dissemination, emergency management, storm surge and wave forecasting, and wind engineering. De-velopment of damage assessment models for disaster mitigation is addressed from the viewpoint of an electrical utility. 1.