Идентичность «защитник» в социальной и профессиональной практике Фриды Вигдоровой

The object of the research is the social and professional position of the writer and journalist Frida Vigdorova, which was estimated by the Soviet li­beral intelligentsia of the 1960s—1970s as extremely valuable. Her record of the trial of I. Brodsky served as a model for the drafters of reports on the trials of dissidents — A. Ginzburg, P. Litvinov, N. Gorbanevskaya, and others. Nonconformists shared the worldview principles of Vigdorova, replicated her behavioral model in the process of protecting dissidents from persecution of the authorities, and made the “advocate” model the standard of public behavior. The article aims to identify the origins of the “advocate” behavioral model formation and to characterize the journalist’s axiology. Frida Vigdorova’s journalism and memoirs of her contemporaries served as the study material. The author asserts that Vigdorova modeled her social and professional behavior on the samples crea­ted by the Russian and European tradition. V. Korolenko’s public activities was the closest reference point. To prove this thesis, the author compares Vigdorova’s behavioral tactics in the “case of Brodsky” and Korolenko’s in the “case of Beilis”. Comments of Vigdorova’s contemporaries confirm her conscious orientation to the “advocate” behavioral model, implemented not only in the “case of Brodsky”, but also in her social practice and journalism. Vigdorova’s axiology, according to her contemporaries, included active help to people, humanism and a desire for justice. Vigdorova’s journalism is devoted to the ethics of social relations. The plot of her essays is usually based on dramatic events requiring immediate public intervention. She orients the reader to empathy and active social behavior in response. Thus, the task of forming the active participation of citizens in the fate of each other is solved; the value of compassion and mercy is established. The article concludes that the axiology and beha­vioral practices of Vigdorova included the universal values for the Russian and European tradition of the 19th century — anthropocentrism and humanism.