Exposure to road traffic and railway noise and associations with blood pressure and self-reported hypertension: a cohort study

BACKGROUND: Epidemiological studies suggest that long-term exposure to transport noise increases the risk for cardiovascular disorders. The effect of transport noise on blood pressure and hypertension is uncertain. METHODS: In 1993-1997, 57,053 participants aged 50-64 year were enrolled in a population-based cohort study. At enrollment, systolic and diastolic blood pressure was measured. Incident hypertension during a mean follow-up of 5.3 years was assessed by questionnaire. Residential long-term road traffic noise (Lden) was estimated for 1- and 5-year periods preceding enrollment and preceding diagnosis of hypertension. Residential exposure to railway noise was estimated at enrollment. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of associations between road traffic and railway noise and blood pressure at enrollment with linear regression, adjusting for long-term air pollution, meteorology and potential lifestyle confounders (N = 44,083). Incident self-reported hypertension was analyzed with Cox regression, adjusting for long-term air pollution and potential lifestyle confounders. RESULTS: We found a 0.26 mm Hg higher systolic blood pressure (95% confidence intervals (CI): -0.11; 0.63) per 10 dB(A) increase in 1-year mean road traffic noise levels, with stronger associations in men (0.59 mm Hg (CI: 0.13; 1.05) per 10 dB(A)) and older participants (0.65 mm Hg (0.08; 1.22) per 10 dB(A)). Road traffic noise was not associated with diastolic blood pressure or hypertension. Exposure to railway noise above 60 dB was associated with 8% higher risk for hypertension (95% CI: -2%; 19%, P = 0.11). CONCLUSIONS: While exposure to road traffic noise was associated with systolic blood pressure in subgroups, we were not able to identify associations with hypertension.