GLP-1 Receptor Agonists: Clinical Considerations and Risk Management for Patients Undergoing Ophthalmic Surgery

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are increasingly used to treat type 2 diabetes and obesity due to their benefits in glycemic control, weight loss, and cardiovascular risk reduction. However, their pharmacologic effect of delayed gastric emptying raises perioperative concerns. Even though ophthalmic procedures are often performed under local or topical anesthesia, there still remains the concern that GLP-1 RA-induced gastroparesis can increase the risk of aspiration. Additionally, adjunctive sedation, conversion to deeper sedation, or general anesthesia is sometimes necessary for ophthalmic surgery. This review outlines the perioperative implications of GLP-1 RA use in ophthalmic surgery, emphasizing the importance of preoperative screening, interdisciplinary coordination, and familiarity with the evolving anesthesia guidelines.