Low-cost battery monitoring circuit for a photovoltaic system based on LoRa/LoRaWAN network

In this paper, an inexpensive electronic circuit will be designed to monitor the cells of battery cells’ voltage in a Lithium-ion bato monitors paper, we will use three battery packs made up of lithium cells connected in a series, and we will test the individual cell voltages, design a simple circuit with op-amps, and send the results via long-range (LoRa) technology to an Arduino base station, where they will be displayed on an liquid crystal display (LCD) screen. This paper deals with the development of a photovoltaic (PV) system battery performance-monitoring unit. This will be done by using an Arduino and long-range wide area networking (LoRaWAN) as a control and monitoring system. The measurement values and data will be sent to a personal station by using an RFM95 LoRa module (as a Universal Asynchronous unit) and the data can be visualized in LCD. One of the parameters of the battery monitoring system is the voltage of the PV system. The goal of the project is to design a new circuit for monitoring the charging condition, discharge depth, and ampere-hour (AH) of the battery, and this all will be analyzed to prove the performance of the battery in the independent photovoltaic system.