PECULIARITIES OF HOT ENAMEL TECHNIQUE APPLICATION IN THE ARTISTIC-IMAGES SYSTEM OF KYIVAN RUS GOLDSMITHING XI – FIRST HALF OF XIII CENTURY

The study is devoted to the art historical analysis of the basic principles that formed the basis for the development and application of the hot enamel technique in the Kyivan Rus goldsmithing of XI – first half of the XIII century. The article reflects the specifics of the application of this art technology, in particular in the manufacture of works of sacred purpose in the jewellery workshops of princely Kyiv. The peculiarities of the use of this technique for the effective disclosure of the symbolism of artistic images are revealed. The article examines the artistic and figurative features of Kyivan Rus goldsmithing. The history of the formation of the traditions of their use as a decor of jewellery, executed in the technique of hot enamel, is highlighted. The symbolism of the colours inherent in this technique as a part of the integral semantic-semiotic system of the Kyivan Rus iconography is explained. A comparative analysis of the composition of Byzantine and Kyivan Rus hot enamel is carried out. The scientific novelty of the study consists in the illumination of artistic and technological aspects of the hot enamel technique, which historically came from Byzantium and is one of the factors of form making in the goldsmithing of Kievan Rus. It is established that the experiments of the Kyivan princely goldsmiths with the hot enamel technique have led them to a new qualitative stage of development and became one of the factors forming the general concept of Kyivan Rus goldsmithing development in the late XI – early XIII centuries. Materials of this research are offered to apply in the process of creating new exclusive collections of jewellery with hot enamel. The results of the presentation of such conceptual collections will contribute to the promotion of the cultural and artistic heritage of Ukraine in the world. The study uses historical-cultural and artistic-project approaches in combination with comparative and presentation methods