GENETIC ASPECTS OF CERVICAL INSUFFICIENCY PROBLEM

Cervical insufficiency is the main cause of miscarriage in the second trimester of pregnancy (up to 40 %), and in the third trimester occurs in a one third of women with preterm birth. Diagnosis of this pathology is based on the identification of structural changes in the cervix, which determines the impossibility of predicting this pathology before pregnancy. Current morphological studies have shown that connective tissue predominates in the cervix, represented mainly by collagen, which provides up to 85 % of the weight of the cervical tissue, elastin and proteoglycans. A key factor in the development of CI is currently considered a defect in collagen synthesis and the development of cervical incompetence is considered as a manifestation of undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia. The results of recent studies show that cervical insufficiency is a genetically determined condition and polymorphisms in genes related to the metabolism of connective tissue can play a role in the development of CI.