Research on a Fault Diagnosis Method for the Braking Control System of an Electric Multiple Unit Based on Deep Learning Integration

A fault diagnosis method based on deep learning integration is proposed focusing on fault text data to effectively improve the efficiency of fault repair and the accuracy of fault localization in the braking control system of an electric multiple unit (EMU). First, the Borderline-SMOTE algorithm is employed to synthesize minority class samples at the boundary, addressing the data imbalance and optimizing the distribution of data within the fault text. Then, a multi-dimensional word representation is generated using the multi-layer bidirectional transformer architecture from the pre-training model, BERT. Next, BiLSTM captures bidirectional context semantics and, in combination with the attention mechanism, highlights key fault information. Finally, the LightGBM classifier is employed to reduce model complexity, enhance analysis efficiency, and increase the practicality of the method in engineering applications. An experimental analysis of fault data from the braking control system of the EMU indicates that the deep learning integration method can further improve diagnostic performance.