Evaluation of Biological Activities of Various Extracts of Glaucium alakirensis, Marrubium bourgaei, and Peucedanum alpinum from Türkiye

Plant species contain many secondary metabolites, and these compounds differ from species to species. These differences in the concentrations of these compounds have many health implications. Today, studies on plants' antioxidant and antibacterial effects are gaining importance. In particular, the adverse effects of some existing antibiotics and the constant development of bacterial resistance are leading to the search for new natural antimicrobial agents. In this study, methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate, acetone, and chloroform extracts were obtained from the aerial parts of Marrubium bourgaei Boiss and Glaucium alakirensis Aykurt, K.Yıldız & A.Özçandır, and Peucedanum alpinum B.L.Burtt & Davis, species which are naturally distributed in Türkiye. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was determined by the DPPH (2,2 Difenil-1-pikrihidrazil) and ABTS (2,2' azino-bis(3-ethylbenz-thiazoline-6-sulfonic-acid)) methods, the total phenolic content by Folin-Ciocalteu method, the total flavonoid content by aluminium chloride colorimetric method, and the antibacterial activity against ten bacteria by the disc diffusion method. According to the results, methanol, ethanol, and acetone extracts had higher antioxidant activity, total phenolic, and total flavonoid contents than other extracts. However, the total flavonoid content of M. bourgaei was higher in the ethyl acetate extract. When evaluated for their antibacterial activity, ethanol, chloroform, and ethyl acetate in P. alpinum, chloroform in M. bourgaei, and methanol, chloroform, and ethyl acetate in G. alakirensis extracts showed antibacterial activity against more bacteria than others. This is the first study to evaluate and compare the total phenolic and flavonoid content, and antioxidant and antibacterial activities of 5 different extracts of these plants.