The Role of AI in Warehouse Digital Twins: Literature Review

In the era of industry 5.0, digital twins (DTs) play an increasingly pivotal role in contemporary society. Despite the literature’s lack of a consistent definition, DTs have been applied to numerous areas as virtual replicas of physical objects, machines, or systems, particularly in manufacturing, production, and operations. One of the major advantages of digital twins is their ability to supervise the system’s evolution and run simulations, making them connected and capable of supporting decision-making. Additionally, they are highly compatible with artificial intelligence (AI) as they can be mapped to all data types and intelligence associated with the physical system. Given their potential benefits, it is surprising that the utilization of DTs for warehouse management has been relatively neglected over the years, despite its importance in ensuring supply chain and production uptime. Effective warehouse management is crucial for ensuring supply chain and production continuity in both manufacturing and retail operations. It also involves uncertain material handling operations, making it challenging to control the activity. This paper aims to evaluate the synergies between AI and digital twins as state-of-the-art technologies and examines warehouse digital twins’ (WDT) use cases to assess the maturity of AI applications within WDT, including techniques, objectives, and challenges. We also identify inconsistencies and research gaps, which pave the way for future development and innovation. Ultimately, this research work’s findings can contribute to improving warehouse management, supply chain optimization, and operational efficiency in various industries.