Challenges and Opportunities of Integrating Generative Artificial Intelligence in Higher Education

Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) is an emerging technology that has significantly transformed the interaction between humans and machines. GenAI has the capacity to create content such as text, images, and videos, and it even uses human language. In the educational field, tools such as ChatGPT stand out for their ability to maintain coherent conversations, simulating human interactions. This study aims to offer a comprehensive and critical view of the convergence of GenAI and higher education. To this end, a systematic literature review has been carried out following the PRISMA protocol through the WoS and Dialnet databases. The analysis focuses on understanding the role of GenAI in this context, identifying both the opportunities and challenges associated with its implementation. The results of the study highlight key challenge areas, promising trends, and future prospects. Likewise, the effects of GenAI on students and teachers are analyzed, paying special attention to the ethical and social implications that accompany its integration into higher education.