Probing high-efficiency Cs 0.05 (FA 0.77 MA 0.23 ) 0.95 Pb(I 0.77 Br 0.23 ) 3 -based perovskite solar cells through first principles computations and SCAPS-1D simulation

, and a fill factor of 83.78%. Notably, the study found that HTL thickness variations have a more dominant impact on efficiency than perovskite thickness, emphasizing the importance of transport layer engineering. The findings offer a promising pathway for further research on material optimization, stability enhancement, and large-scale fabrication, paving the way for the next generation of perovskite solar technologies.