An energy-efficient protocol for wireless sensor networks

In the paper, we consider a network of energy- constrained sensors deployed over a region. Each sensor node in such a network is systematically gathering and transmission sensed data to a base station (via clusterhead) for further processing. A key challenge in data gathering is to maximize the system lifetime, given the energy constraints. We focus on reducing the power consumption of wireless sensor networks. The dominate component in energy consumption is almost always due to communication. Therefore, we heavily modify an exist- ing communication protocol, Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH). We extend LEACH's stochastic cluster- head selection algorithm by a deterministic component to reduce energy consumption. Simulation results show that our modified scheme can extend the network life around 50% for First Node Dies (FND) and 62% for Last Nodes Dies (LND). Index Terms-Wireless sensor networks, energy efficiency, cluster- head selection, LEACH I. INTRODUCTION Wireless sensor network consists of hundreds to several thousands of small sensor nodes scattered throughout an area of interest. Sensor nodes may spontaneously create impromptu network, assemble the network themselves, dynamically adapt to device failure and degradation, manage movement of sensor nodes, and react to changes in task and network requirements. Each individual sensor contains both processing and communi- cation elements and is designed to monitor the environment for events specified by the deployer of the network. Information