Health effects of dietary risks in 195 countries, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
Влияние пищевых факторов риска на здоровье в 195 странах, 1990–2017 гг.: систематический анализ в рамках исследования «Глобальное бремя болезней, травм и факторов риска» 2017 года
2019-04-03
SCID: 54.1/9g458umh
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Global Burden of Disease Study 2017comparative risk assessmentdietary risk factorsdisability-adjusted life-yearspopulation attributable fraction
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Abstract (AI)
BACKGROUND: Suboptimal diet is an important preventable risk factor for non-communicable diseases (NCDs); however, its impact on the burden of NCDs has not been systematically evaluated. This study aimed to evaluate the consumption of major foods and nutrients across 195 countries and to quantify the impact of their suboptimal intake on NCD mortality and morbidity. METHODS: By use of a comparative risk assessment approach, we estimated the proportion of disease-specific burden attributable to each dietary risk factor (also referred to as population attributable fraction) among adults aged 25 years or older. The main inputs to this analysis included the intake of each dietary factor, the effect size of the dietary factor on disease endpoint, and the level of intake associated with the lowest risk of mortality. Then, by use of disease-specific population attributable fractions, mortality, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), we calculated the number of deaths and DALYs attributable to diet for each disease outcome. FINDINGS: In 2017, 11 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 10-12) deaths and 255 million (234-274) DALYs were attributable to dietary risk factors. High intake of sodium (3 million [1-5] deaths and 70 million [34-118] DALYs), low intake of whole grains (3 million [2-4] deaths and 82 million [59-109] DALYs), and low intake of fruits (2 million [1-4] deaths and 65 million [41-92] DALYs) were the leading dietary risk factors for deaths and DALYs globally and in many countries. Dietary data were from mixed sources and were not available for all countries, increasing the statistical uncertainty of our estimates. INTERPRETATION: This study provides a comprehensive picture of the potential impact of suboptimal diet on NCD mortality and morbidity, highlighting the need for improving diet across nations. Our findings will inform implementation of evidence-based dietary interventions and provide a platform for evaluation of their impact on human health annually. FUNDING: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Key Findings
1
Dietary data limitations and mixed sources increased the statistical uncertainty of estimates, but the findings support improving diets through evidence-based interventions worldwide.
2
High sodium intake caused an estimated 3 million deaths and 70 million DALYs worldwide in 2017.
3
High sodium intake, low whole-grain intake, and low fruit intake were the leading dietary risks for global deaths and DALYs.
4
In 2017, dietary risk factors accounted for approximately 11 million deaths and 255 million disability-adjusted life-years globally.
5
Low whole-grain intake caused an estimated 3 million deaths and 82 million DALYs, while low fruit intake caused 2 million deaths and 65 million DALYs.
Research Object
Dietary risks (major food and nutrient intakes) among adults aged 25 years or older across 195 countries, 1990–2017
Research Subject
The impact of suboptimal dietary intake on non-communicable disease mortality, morbidity, and DALYs
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2019-04-03
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