Global burden of 288 causes of death and life expectancy decomposition in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Dimitrios Patoulias; Christopher R. Cederroth; Ching‐Yu Cheng; Aristidis Tsatsakis; Norberto Perico; Giuseppe Remuzzi; Giuseppe Grosso; Felicia Wu; William C. Cho; Amirhossein Sahebkar; Mohammad Tabish; Christopher J L Murray; Aleksandr Y. Aravkin; Cristiana Abbafati; Mohsen Abbasi‐Kangevari; Mohammad Abdollahı; Kedir Hussein Abegaz; Hassan Abolhassani; Lucas Guimarães Abreu; Victor Adekanmbi; Anurag Agrawal; Tauseef Ahmad; Keivan Ahmadi; Muktar Beshir Ahmed; Tomi Akinyemiju; Fares Alahdab; Ziyad Al‐Aly; Khurshid Alam; Fahad Alanezi; Turki M Alanzi; Khalid F. AlHabib; Gianfranco Alicandro; Syed Mohamed Aljunid; François Alla; Hesham M. 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Kauppila; Gulfaraz Khan; Md Nuruzzaman Khan; Moien AB Khan; Sindhura Lakshmi Koulmane Laxminarayana; Pawan Faris; Yo Han Lee; Elvynna Leong; Ming‐Chieh Li; Ahmad Azam Malik; Yousef Moradi; Sumaira Mubarik; Atta Abbas Naqvi; Sreenivas Narasimha Swamy; Rawlance Ndejjo; Sabina O. Nduaguba; Șerban Negru; Robina Khan Niazi; Ahmed Omar Bali; Doris V Ortega-Altamirano; Adrian Pană; Uttam Paudel; Arokiasamy Perianayagam; Saeed Pirouzpanah; Akila Prashant; Raghu Radhakrishnan; Venkatraman Radhakrishnan; Mosiur Rahman; Amir Masoud Rahmani; Chythra R Rao; Peter Rohloff; Michele Romoli; Sana Salehi; Mario Šekerija; Adithi Shetty; Pavanchand H Shetty; K. M. Shivakumar; Velizar Shivarov; Paschalis Steiropoulos; Miklós Szócska; Iman M. Talaat; Ker‐Kan Tan; Nihal Thomas; Marcos Roberto Tovani‐Palone; Massimiliano Veroux; Bay Vo; Richard G. Wamai; Lin Yang; Jianrong Zhang; Chenwen Zhong; Chaojie Liu; M. Raman; Ali Golchin; Márcia Carvalho; Mulubirhan Assefa Alemayohu; Hany A. Omar; Abdu A. 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Karaye; Mohammad Jobair Khan; Nefsu Awoke; Sara Momtazmanesh; Paolo Pedersini; Mohammad‐Mahdi Rashidi; Saurab Sharma; Surjit Singh; Kanyin Liane Ong; Tariq A. Alalwan; Ashokan Arumugam; Soroush Baghdadi; Souad Bouaoud; Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe; Mesfin Gebrehiwot; Simon Matthew Graham; Mohammad Hasanian; Himanshu Khajuria; Iram Malik; Hamid Reza Marateb; Shumaila Nargus; Hassan Okati‐Aliabad; Seoyeon Park; Jay Patel; Fanny Emily Petermann-Rocha; Ibrahim Qattea; Maryam Faiz Qureshi; Dominic Sagoe; Fatemeh Saheb Sharif‐Askari; Amir Shafaat; Samar Tharwat; Jorge Hugo Villafañe; Iman Zare; Isaac Yeboah Addo; Azadeh Bashiri; Chao Cao; Jesús Lorenzo Chirinos-Cáceres; Farshid Etaee; Ali Fatehizadeh; Alireza Feizkhah; Yingzhao Jin; Charity Ehimwenma Joshua; Moawiah Khatatbeh; Hamid Reza Khayat Kashani; Mohammed Kuddus; Seyed Aria Nejadghaderi; Osaretin Christabel Okonji; Nazila Rezaei; Austin E Schumacher; Mahan Shafie; Ataollah Shahbandi; Seyed Mohammad Vahabi; Moein Zangiabadian; Anees Ahmed Khalil; David Koh; Miguel Ángel García-Gordillo; Sivesh K. Kamarajah; Mohammad Khosravi; Subasish Das; Michael Abdelmasseh; Eman Abu‐Gharbieh; Salman Khalifah Al-Sabah; Amir Anoushiravani; Sara Bagherieh; Nebiyou Simegnew Bayileyegn; Amir Hossein Behnoush; Berecha Hundessa Demessa; Arkadeep Dhali; Milad Dodangeh; Temitope Cyrus Ekundayo; Getahun Fetensa; Najah R Hadi; Nils Haep; Ikramul Hasan; Hamidreza Hasani; Johannes Haubold; Mohammad Jokar; Abel Joseph; Rakesh Kumar; Thao T. Le; Munjae Lee; Kashish Malhotra; Andrea Maugeri; Rishi P Mediratta; Xin Deng; Maryam Moradi; Azzam A. Maghazachi; Rajeev Gupta; Azizullah Beran; Sana Ullah; Fariba Ghassemi; Pramod Kumar Pal; Mpiko Ntsekhe; Mark Janko; Quique Bassat; Grace Kim; Saleha Anwar; William A. Petri; Ke Deng; Ashish Bhalla; Berrak Bora Başara; Saman Fahimi; Chakib Nejjari; Abdollah Jafarzadeh; Zahra Saadatian; Apostolos Beloukas; Asima Karim; Kavumpurathu Raman Thankappan; Pugazhenthan Thangaraju; Rizwan Kalani; Adel Al‐Gheethi; Jasbir Singh; Manik Aggarwal; Sumant Inamdar; Sultan Ayoub Meo; Antonella Agodi; Martina Barchitta; Olumide Abiodun; Sayed Mohammad Nazim Uddin; Katie R. Nielsen; Harapan Harapan; T. Sarkar; Malke Asaad; Luis Alberto Cámera; Rosa A S Couto; Md Saquib Hasnain; Shankargouda Patil; Paulo J. G. Bettencourt; Deldar Morad Abdulah; Auwal Abdullahi; Richard Gyan Aboagye; Salahdein Aburuz; Saryia Adra; Saira Afzal; Shahin Aghamiri; Williams Agyemang‐Duah; Amir Mahmoud Ahmadzade; Luai A. 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Starnes; Abida Sultana; David Sunkersing; Chandan Kumar Swain; Mindy D Szeto; Payam Tabaee Damavandi; Ozra Tabatabaei‐Malazy; Shima Tabatabai; Jabeen Taiba; Ashis Talukder; Haosu Tang; Hong Tang; Razieh Tavakoli Oliaee; Seyed Mohammad Tavangar; Yibekal Manaye Tefera; Masayuki Teramoto; C. Thum; Jing Tian; Nghia Minh Tran; Thien Tan Tri Tai Truyen; Evangelia Eirini Tsermpini; Munkhtuya Tumurkhuu; Kang Tung; Aniefiok John Udoakang; Arit Udoh; Daniele Urso; Jef Van den Eynde; Nicholas Alexander Verghese; Gabriela Ines Villanueva; Kosala Weerakoon; Dakshitha Praneeth Wickramasinghe; Marcin W. 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Gomes; Snigdha Gulati; Anish Kumar Gupta; Manoj Kumar Gupta; Mohak Gupta; Lami Gurmessa; Mostafa Hadei; Qiuxia Han; Fahad Hanna; Ikrama Hassan; Ahmad Hosseinzadeh Adli; Rebecca Hsu; Tsegaye Gebreyes Hundie; Foziya Mohammed Hussien; Khalid S Ibrahim; Pulwasha Maria Iftikhar; Adalia I Ikiroma; Mohammad Tarique Imam; Endang Indriasih; Muhammad Iqhrammullah; Md Rabiul Islam; Faisal Ismail; Abhishek Jaiswal; Sabzali Javadov; K Vaishali; Dler Hussein Kadir; Laleh R. Kalankesh; Vineet Kumar Kamal; Rajesh Kamath; Naser Kamyari; Arun Kanmanthareddy; Suthanthira Kannan S; Reema Karasneh; Qalandar Hussein Abdulkarim Kasnazani; Sina Kazemian; Tahseen Kazmi; Getu Mosisa Kebebew; Adera Debella; Fassikaw Kebede; Tibebeselassie Seyoum Keflie; Alireza Khalilian; Zeeshan Ali Khan; Mohammad Khorgamphar; Zahra Khorrami; Ahmad Khosravi; Timea Kocsis; Kairi Kõlves; Hare Krishna; Varun Krishna; Akshay Kumar; Fantahun Tarekegn Kumie; Alexander Kwarteng; Abraham K Lagat; Anton Lager; Abdelilah Lahmar; Kelsey R. Landrum; Justin J. Lang; Megan Lindstrom; Gang Liu; Run-Ben Liu; Xiaofeng Liu; Rubén López‐Bueno; Kelsey Lynn Maass; Farzan Madadizadeh; Áurea Madureira-Carvalho; Alireza Mahmoudi; Irsa Fatima Makhdoom; Pejman Mansouri; Sajid Maqsood; Gabriel Martínez; Daniela Martini; Awoke Masrie; Jishanth Mattumpuram; John Robert C. Medina; Tesfahun Mekene Meto; Max Alberto Mendez Mendez-Lopez; Belayneh Mengist; Haftu Asmerom; Chamila Mettananda; Sachith Mettananda; Peter Meylakhs; Pouya Mir Mohammad Sadeghi; Ashim Mishra; Mohammadreza Mobayen; Hassen Mohammed; Maliheh Moradzadeh; Rohith Motappa; Emmanuel Mpolya; Muhammad Muzaffar; Sanjeev Nair; Aparna Ichalangod Narayana; Samar Nasehi; Haruna Asura Nggada; Hoang Anh Nguyen; Fatemeh Nikoomanesh; Efaq Ali Noman; Jerry John Nutor; Mary Aigbiremo Oboh; Michael Safo Oduro; Abiola Ogunkoya; Ayodipupo Sikiru Oguntade; Maureene Auma Ondayo; Wael M S Osman; Amel Ouyahia; Feng Pan; Paramjot Panda; Leonidas D Panos; Roberto Passera; Hemal M Patel; Prince Peprah; João Perdigão; Anil K. 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doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(24)00367-2

Global burden of 288 causes of death and life expectancy decomposition in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Глобальное бремя 288 причин смерти и декомпозиция ожидаемой продолжительности жизни в 204 странах и территориях и 811 субнациональных территориях, 1990–2021 гг.: систематический анализ для исследования «Глобальное бремя болезней» 2021 года

Dimitrios Patoulias, Christopher R. Cederroth, Ching‐Yu Cheng, Aristidis Tsatsakis, Norberto Perico, Giuseppe Remuzzi, Giuseppe Grosso, Felicia Wu, William C. Cho, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Mohammad Tabish, Christopher J L Murray, Aleksandr Y. Aravkin, Cristiana Abbafati, Mohsen Abbasi‐Kangevari, Mohammad Abdollahı, Kedir Hussein Abegaz, Hassan Abolhassani, Lucas Guimarães Abreu, Victor Adekanmbi, Anurag Agrawal, Tauseef Ahmad, Keivan Ahmadi, Muktar Beshir Ahmed, Tomi Akinyemiju, Fares Alahdab, Ziyad Al‐Aly, Khurshid Alam, Fahad Alanezi, Turki M Alanzi, Khalid F. AlHabib, Gianfranco Alicandro, Syed Mohamed Aljunid, François Alla, Hesham M. 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Zitoun, Seyed Mohammad Tavangar, Zemene Demelash Kifle, Nafise Noroozi, Kayleigh Bhangdia, Stein Emil Vollset, Stefanie Watson, Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan, Yohannes Abate, Alireza Ansari‐Moghaddam, Woldu Aberhe Abrha, Awoke Misganaw, Rakesh Kumar, Sathish Kumar Jayapal, Rime Jebai, Soleiman Mahjoub, Maryam Shabani, Guesh Mebrahtom Tsegay, Adera Debella Kebede, Pritish Baskaran, Vinoth Gnana Chellaiyan Devanbu, Pooria Fazeli, Mesay Dechasa Gudeta, Olatunji Johnson, Tilaye Gebru Gebi, Molla Getie, Kukulege Chamila Dinushi Mettananda, Sarmila Tandukar, Ikrama Hassan, Raman Muthusamy, Gebrekiros Gebremichael Meles, Anh Hoang Nguyen, Thejeswar N Prakasham, Rishu Thakur

2024-04-03

SCID: 54.1/g5hnys8h Discuss with AI

Cause of Death Ensemble modelGlobal Burden of Disease Study 2021cause-specific mortalitylife expectancy decompositionyears of life lost

Abstract (AI)

BACKGROUND: Regular, detailed reporting on population health by underlying cause of death is fundamental for public health decision making. Cause-specific estimates of mortality and the subsequent effects on life expectancy worldwide are valuable metrics to gauge progress in reducing mortality rates. These estimates are particularly important following large-scale mortality spikes, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. When systematically analysed, mortality rates and life expectancy allow comparisons of the consequences of causes of death globally and over time, providing a nuanced understanding of the effect of these causes on global populations. METHODS: The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 cause-of-death analysis estimated mortality and years of life lost (YLLs) from 288 causes of death by age-sex-location-year in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations for each year from 1990 until 2021. The analysis used 56 604 data sources, including data from vital registration and verbal autopsy as well as surveys, censuses, surveillance systems, and cancer registries, among others. As with previous GBD rounds, cause-specific death rates for most causes were estimated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model-a modelling tool developed for GBD to assess the out-of-sample predictive validity of different statistical models and covariate permutations and combine those results to produce cause-specific mortality estimates-with alternative strategies adapted to model causes with insufficient data, substantial changes in reporting over the study period, or unusual epidemiology. YLLs were computed as the product of the number of deaths for each cause-age-sex-location-year and the standard life expectancy at each age. As part of the modelling process, uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated using the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles from a 1000-draw distribution for each metric. We decomposed life expectancy by cause of death, location, and year to show cause-specific effects on life expectancy from 1990 to 2021. We also used the coefficient of variation and the fraction of population affected by 90% of deaths to highlight concentrations of mortality. Findings are reported in counts and age-standardised rates. Methodological improvements for cause-of-death estimates in GBD 2021 include the expansion of under-5-years age group to include four new age groups, enhanced methods to account for stochastic variation of sparse data, and the inclusion of COVID-19 and other pandemic-related mortality-which includes excess mortality associated with the pandemic, excluding COVID-19, lower respiratory infections, measles, malaria, and pertussis. For this analysis, 199 new country-years of vital registration cause-of-death data, 5 country-years of surveillance data, 21 country-years of verbal autopsy data, and 94 country-years of other data types were added to those used in previous GBD rounds. FINDINGS: The leading causes of age-standardised deaths globally were the same in 2019 as they were in 1990; in descending order, these were, ischaemic heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lower respiratory infections. In 2021, however, COVID-19 replaced stroke as the second-leading age-standardised cause of death, with 94·0 deaths (95% UI 89·2-100·0) per 100 000 population. The COVID-19 pandemic shifted the rankings of the leading five causes, lowering stroke to the third-leading and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to the fourth-leading position. In 2021, the highest age-standardised death rates from COVID-19 occurred in sub-Saharan Africa (271·0 deaths [250·1-290·7] per 100 000 population) and Latin America and the Caribbean (195·4 deaths [182·1-211·4] per 100 000 population). The lowest age-standardised death rates from COVID-19 were in the high-income super-region (48·1 deaths [47·4-48·8] per 100 000 population) and southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania (23·2 deaths [16·3-37·2] per 100 000 population). Globally, life expectancy steadily improved between 1990 and 2019 for 18 of the 22 investigated causes. Decomposition of global and regional life expectancy showed the positive effect that reductions in deaths from enteric infections, lower respiratory infections, stroke, and neonatal deaths, among others have contributed to improved survival over the study period. However, a net reduction of 1·6 years occurred in global life expectancy between 2019 and 2021, primarily due to increased death rates from COVID-19 and other pandemic-related mortality. Life expectancy was highly variable between super-regions over the study period, with southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania gaining 8·3 years (6·7-9·9) overall, while having the smallest reduction in life expectancy due to COVID-19 (0·4 years). The largest reduction in life expectancy due to COVID-19 occurred in Latin America and the Caribbean (3·6 years). Additionally, 53 of the 288 causes of death were highly concentrated in locations with less than 50% of the global population as of 2021, and these causes of death became progressively more concentrated since 1990, when only 44 causes showed this pattern. The concentration phenomenon is discussed heuristically with respect to enteric and lower respiratory infections, malaria, HIV/AIDS, neonatal disorders, tuberculosis, and measles. INTERPRETATION: Long-standing gains in life expectancy and reductions in many of the leading causes of death have been disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic, the adverse effects of which were spread unevenly among populations. Despite the pandemic, there has been continued progress in combatting several notable causes of death, leading to improved global life expectancy over the study period. Each of the seven GBD super-regions showed an overall improvement from 1990 and 2021, obscuring the negative effect in the years of the pandemic. Additionally, our findings regarding regional variation in causes of death driving increases in life expectancy hold clear policy utility. Analyses of shifting mortality trends reveal that several causes, once widespread globally, are now increasingly concentrated geographically. These changes in mortality concentration, alongside further investigation of changing risks, interventions, and relevant policy, present an important opportunity to deepen our understanding of mortality-reduction strategies. Examining patterns in mortality concentration might reveal areas where successful public health interventions have been implemented. Translating these successes to locations where certain causes of death remain entrenched can inform policies that work to improve life expectancy for people everywhere. FUNDING: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

Key Findings

Cause-specific mortality was primarily modelled using the Cause of Death Ensemble model, with alternative strategies for causes having sparse data, changing reporting, or unusual epidemiology.

GBD 2021 estimated mortality and years of life lost for 288 causes across 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations from 1990 to 2021.

The analysis integrated 56,604 data sources, including vital registration, verbal autopsy, surveys, censuses, surveillance systems, and cancer registries.

The study decomposed life expectancy by cause of death to compare how different causes shaped population health globally and over time, including during the COVID-19 mortality spike.

Years of life lost were calculated by multiplying cause-specific deaths by standard life expectancy at each age, with uncertainty quantified from 1,000 posterior draws.

Research Object

Global patterns of cause-specific mortality and life expectancy across 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations from 1990 to 2021 (288 causes of death)

Research Subject

Cause-specific mortality, years of life lost, and the contribution of each cause of death to changes and differences in life expectancy over age, sex, location, and year

Publication Details

DOI

10.1016/s0140-6736(24)00367-2

Publication Date

2024-04-03

Journal

Publisher

ISSN

Cited by

2789

Open access PDF

https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(24)00367-2

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Author Information

Authors

Dimitrios Patoulias

Christopher R. Cederroth

Ching‐Yu Cheng

Aristidis Tsatsakis

Norberto Perico

Giuseppe Remuzzi

Giuseppe Grosso

Felicia Wu

William C. Cho

Amirhossein Sahebkar

Mohammad Tabish

Christopher J L Murray

Aleksandr Y. Aravkin

Cristiana Abbafati

Mohsen Abbasi‐Kangevari

Mohammad Abdollahı

Kedir Hussein Abegaz

Hassan Abolhassani

Lucas Guimarães Abreu

Victor Adekanmbi

Anurag Agrawal

Tauseef Ahmad

Keivan Ahmadi

Muktar Beshir Ahmed

Tomi Akinyemiju

Fares Alahdab

Ziyad Al‐Aly

Khurshid Alam

Fahad Alanezi

Turki M Alanzi

Khalid F. AlHabib

Gianfranco Alicandro

Syed Mohamed Aljunid

François Alla

Hesham M. Al‐Mekhlafi

Jordi Alonso

Khalid A Altirkawi

Dickson A Amugsi

Robert Ancuceanu

Deanna Anderlini

Cătălina Liliana Andrei

Tudorel Andrei

Colin Angus

Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam

Catherine M Antony

Ernoiz Antriyandarti

Davood Anvari

Razique Anwer

Jalal Arabloo

Johan Ärnlöv

Maha Atout

Marcel Ausloos

Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla

Ashish Badiye

Maciej Banach

Suzanne Barker‐Collo

Till Bärnighausen

Lope H. Barrero

Lingkan Barua

Sanjay Basu

Bernhard T. Baune

Mohsen Bayati

Neeraj Bedi

Yannick Béjot

Isabela M. Benseñor

Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula

Neeraj Bhala

Dinesh Bhandari

Zulfiqar A Bhutta

Boris Bikbov

Catherine Bisignano

Somayeh Bohlouli

Dejana Braithwaite

Nicholas J. K. Breitborde

Susanne Breitner

Hermann Brenner

Andrey Briko

Н. И. Брико

Gabrielle B. Britton

Zahid A Butt

Florentino Luciano Caetano dos Santos

Ismael Campos‐Nonato

Rosario Cárdenas

Giulia Carreras

Juan Jesús Carrero

Félix Carvalho

João Maurício Castaldelli-Maia

Carlos A Castañeda-Orjuela

Giulio Castelpietra

Kelly Cercy

Ester Cerin

Vijay Kumar Chattu

Nicolas Cherbuin

Odgerel Chimed‐Ochir

Sheng‐Chia Chung

Vera Marisa Costa

Ewerton Cousin

Richard G. Cowden

Giovanni Damiani

Jai K Das

Rajat Das Gupta

Claudio Alberto Dávila-Cervantes

Diego De Leo

Louisa Degenhardt

Edgar Denova‐Gutiérrez

Nikolaos Dervenis

Diana Dias da Silva

Daniel Díaz

Budi Aji

Shirin Djalalinia

Клара Докова

Fariba Dorostkar

Leila Doshmangir

Tim Driscoll

Bruce Bartholow Duncan

André Rodrigues Durães

David Edvardsson

Iman El Sayed

Iffat Elbarazi

Islam Y. Elgendy

Sharareh Eskandarieh

Mohammad Fareed

André Faro

Valery L. Feigin

Seyed‐Mohammad Fereshtehnejad

Alize J Ferrari

Irina Filip

Florian Fischer

Nataliya A Foigt

Morẹ́nikẹ́ Oluwátóyìn Foláyan

Artem Alekseevich Fomenkov

Masoud Foroutan

Richard C. Franklin

Takeshi Fukumoto

Emmanuela Gakidou

Silvano Gallus

William M. Gardner

Peter W. Gething

Keyghobad Ghadiri

Ahmad Ghashghaee

Asadollah Gholamian

Paramjit Gill

Themba G. Ginindza

E. V. Gnedovskaya

Sameer Vali Gopalani

Giuseppe Gorini

Houman Goudarzi

Alessandra C. Goulart

Michal Grivna

Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen Gubari

Rafael Alves Guimarães

Tarun Gupta

Nima Hafezi‐Nejad

Arvin Haj‐Mirzaian

Brian J. Hall

Randah R Hamadeh

Samer Hamidi

Graeme J. Hankey

Josep María Haro

Ahmed I Hasaballah

Abdiwahab Hashi

Soheil Hassanipour

Hadi Hassankhani

Rasmus Havmoeller

Simon I Hay

Golnaz Heidari

Claudiu Herţeliu

Ramesh Holla

Mehdi Hosseinzadeh

Mihaela Hostiuc

Sorin Hostiuc

Mohamed Hsaïri

Vivian Chia‐Rong Hsieh

Ayesha Humayun

Bing‐Fang Hwang

Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye

Kevin S Ikuta

Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi

Irena Ilić

Milena Ilić

Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam

Hiroyasu Iso

Chidozie C D Iwu

Ihoghosa Iyamu

Jalil Jaafari

Kathryn H. Jacobsen

Morteza Jafarinia

Tahereh Javaheri

Ravi Prakash Jha

Jost B. Jonas

Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak

Mikk Jürisson

Ali Kabir

Zubair Kabir

Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader

Leila R Kalankesh

Tanuj Kanchan

Neeti Kapoor

André Karch

Gbenga A Kayode

Peter Njenga Keiyoro

Cathleen Keller

Nauman Khalid

Maseer Khan

Khaled Khatab

Yun Jin Kim

Ruth W Kimokoti

Adnan Kısa

Ann Kristin Knudsen

Jonathan Kocarnik

Sonali Kochhar

Parvaiz A Koul

Kewal Krishan

Kris J Krohn

Barthélémy Kuate Defo

G Anil Kumar

Om Kurmi

Dian Kusuma

Carlo La Vecchia

Ben Lacey

Ratilal Lalloo

Tea Lallukka

Savita Lasrado

Paolo Lauriola

Paul H. Lee

Shaun Wen Huey Lee

Kate E LeGrand

James Leigh

Lee‐Ling Lim

Shiwei Liu

Platon D Lopukhov

Stefan Lorkowski

Paulo A. Lotufo

Alessandra Lugo

Azeem Majeed

Reza Malekzadeh

Déborah Carvalho Malta

Abdullah Al Mamun

Mohammad Alì Mansournia

Joemer C Maravilla

Santi Martini

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Ritesh G. Menezes

Atte Meretoja

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Ted R. Miller

GK Mini

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Maryam Mirzaei

Prasanna Mithra

Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani

Noushin Mohammadifard

Hussen Mohammed

Shafiu Mohammed

Ali H. Mokdad

Mariam Molokhia

Lorenzo Monasta

Maziar Moradi‐Lakeh

Paula Moraga

Lídia Morawska

Shane D. Morrison

Jonathan F Mosser

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Chukwudi A Nnaji

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Alberto Ortíz

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Mayowa Owolabi

Jagadish Rao Padubidri

Raffaele Palladino

Songhomitra Panda‐Jonas

Maja Pasovic

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Sangram Kishor Patel

Hamidreza Pazoki–Toroudi

Amy E. Peden

Veincent Christian Filipino Pepito

Emmanuel Peprah

Konrad Pesudovs

Michael Phillips

М. А. Пирадов

Suzanne Polinder

Kevan R. Polkinghorne

Maarten J. Postma

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Amir Radfar

Alberto Raggi

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Ivo Rakovac

Chhabi Lal Ranabhat

Sowmya J Rao

Vahid Rashedi

David Laith Rawaf

Salman Rawaf

Lal Rawal

Reza Rawassizadeh

Christian Razo

Robert C. Reiner

Negar Rezaei

Jennifer Rickard

Leonardo Roever

Luca Ronfani

Gholamreza Roshandel

Gregory A. Roth

Enrico Rubagotti

Godfrey Mutashambara Rwegerera

Siamak Sabour

Perminder S. Sachdev

Basema Saddik

Rajesh Sagar

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Hossein Samadi Kafil

Abdallah M Samy

Juan Sanabria

Damian Santomauro

Itamar S Santos

Milena M Santric-Milicevic

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Rodrigo Sarmiento-Suárez

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Markus P. Schlaich

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Aletta E. Schutte

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Falk Schwendicke

Subramanian Senthilkumaran

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Marcello Tonelli

Roman Topór-Mądry

Anna E Torre

Mathilde Touvier

Stefanos Tyrovolas

Chukwuma David Umeokonkwo

Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan

Era Upadhyay

Tommi Vasankari

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Francesco Saverio Violante

Vasily Vlassov

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Robert G Weintraub

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Yunquan Zhang

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Muhammad Azhar Hussain

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Richard F Gillum

Farhad Islami

Fakher Rahim

Rafael Lozano

Viswanathan Mohan

Amanda G. Thrift

Irfan Ullah

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Nikha Bhardwaj

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Caterina Ledda

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Șerban Negru

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Ruxandra Irina Negoi

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Susan F. Rumisha

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Santosh Kumar Tadakamadla

Azalea Thomson

Daniel J. Weiss

Taweewat Wiangkham

Shadrach Wilson

Sojib Bin Zaman

Hai‐Feng Pan

Ricardo Jorge Dinis‐Oliveira

Abolfazl Avan

Pradyumna Agasthi

Sheikh Mohammad Alif

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Alok Atreya

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Sonali G Choudhari

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Jiregna Darega Gela

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Min Seo Kim

Vijay Krishnamoorthy

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Jakub Morze

Bruno Ramos Nascimento

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Brigid Unim

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Yanzhong Wang

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Ali Yadollahpour

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Bagher Larijani

Saeed Bahadorikhalili

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Miquel Martorell

Natália Martins

Jiawei He

Susan A. McLaughlin

Farrokh Habibzadeh

Mohammadreza Abbasian

Juexiao Zhou

María Paula Curado

Simiao Chen

Yao Yao

Gurjit Kaur Bhatti

Mohammad‐Amin Abdollahifar

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Samer H. Zyoud

Rahul Mehra

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Gustavo G. Nascimento

Zuhair S. Natto

Vijai Kumar Gupta

Govinda Poudel

Nicole Davis Weaver

Sama Ghoba

Madeline E Moberg

Vincent Mougin

Yohannes Habtegiorgis Abate

Aanuoluwapo Adeyimika Afolabi

Suneth Agampodi

Aqeel Ahmad

Danish Ahmad

Ayman Ahmed

Haroon Ahmed

Rasmieh Al‐Amer

Mohammed ALBashtawy

Wafa Ali Aldhaleei

Syed Shujait Ali

Mahmoud A. Alomari

Yaser Mohammed Al‐Worafi

Alireza Amindarolzarbi

Sohrab Amiri

Saeid Anvari

Demelash Areda

Anton A Artamonov

Seyyed Shamsadin Athari

Kavita Batra

Hamed Borhany

Yasser Bustanji

Muthia Cenderadewi

Rama Mohan Chandika

Eeshwar K Chandrasekar

Periklis Charalampous

Ritesh Chimoriya

Hitesh Chopra

Isaac Sunday Chukwu

Muhammad Chutiyami

Shayom Debopadhaya

Iván Delgado‐Enciso

Emina Dervišević

Michael J. Diaz

Deepa Dongarwar

Haneil Larson Dsouza

José Luís Ayuso‐Mateos

Liqun Zhang

Heng Bo Jiang

Thomas Astell‐Burt

Anders Larsson

Seithikurippu R. Pandi‐Perumal

Sandra Barteit

Arturo Borzutzky

Stephanie Mathieson

Steven McPhail

Shama D. Karanth

Jeffrey Shi Kai Chan

Johan Sundström

Samuele Cortese

Angelo Capodici

Fadwa Alhalaiqa

Abu Sayeed

Akhilanand Chaurasia

Seyed Mohammad Ayyoubzadeh

Muhammad Suleman

Fridolin Steinbeis

Seung Won Lee

Hong Xiao

Ali Ahmed

Jalaj Garg

Sameh S. M. Soliman

Liaqat Ali

Salahuddin Mohammed

Faizan Kashoo

Ilari Kuitunen

Habib Yaribeygi

Amin Shavandi

Soham Bandyopadhyay

Farzad Kompani

Richard Matzopoulos

David A. Sleet

Catherine Hill

Manfred Accrombessi

Robert S. Bernstein

Luísa Campos Caldeira Brant

Rafael Moreira Claro

Aloke Gopal Ghoshal

Gurudatta Naik

Ehsan Sadeghi

Bruno Piassi Sâo José

Farhad Shokraneh

Narinder Pal Singh

Dhirendra Narain Sinha

Isidora S Vujcic

Ali‐Asghar Kolahi

Garland T Culbreth

Quinn Rafferty

Alemshet Yirga Berhie

Kaleb Coberly

Katie de Luca

Balasankar Ganesan

Tiffany K. Gill

Rasool Haddadi

Jeffrey J. Hébert

Ibraheem M. Karaye

Mohammad Jobair Khan

Nefsu Awoke

Sara Momtazmanesh

Paolo Pedersini

Mohammad‐Mahdi Rashidi

Saurab Sharma

Surjit Singh

Kanyin Liane Ong

Tariq A. Alalwan

Ashokan Arumugam

Soroush Baghdadi

Souad Bouaoud

Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe

Mesfin Gebrehiwot

Simon Matthew Graham

Mohammad Hasanian

Himanshu Khajuria

Iram Malik

Hamid Reza Marateb

Shumaila Nargus

Hassan Okati‐Aliabad

Seoyeon Park

Jay Patel

Fanny Emily Petermann-Rocha

Ibrahim Qattea

Maryam Faiz Qureshi

Dominic Sagoe

Fatemeh Saheb Sharif‐Askari

Amir Shafaat

Samar Tharwat

Jorge Hugo Villafañe

Iman Zare

Isaac Yeboah Addo

Azadeh Bashiri

Chao Cao

Jesús Lorenzo Chirinos-Cáceres

Farshid Etaee

Ali Fatehizadeh

Alireza Feizkhah

Yingzhao Jin

Charity Ehimwenma Joshua

Moawiah Khatatbeh

Hamid Reza Khayat Kashani

Mohammed Kuddus

Seyed Aria Nejadghaderi

Osaretin Christabel Okonji

Nazila Rezaei

Austin E Schumacher

Mahan Shafie

Ataollah Shahbandi

Seyed Mohammad Vahabi

Moein Zangiabadian

Anees Ahmed Khalil

David Koh

Miguel Ángel García-Gordillo

Sivesh K. Kamarajah

Mohammad Khosravi

Subasish Das

Michael Abdelmasseh

Eman Abu‐Gharbieh

Salman Khalifah Al-Sabah

Amir Anoushiravani

Sara Bagherieh

Nebiyou Simegnew Bayileyegn

Amir Hossein Behnoush

Berecha Hundessa Demessa

Arkadeep Dhali

Milad Dodangeh

Temitope Cyrus Ekundayo

Getahun Fetensa

Najah R Hadi

Nils Haep

Ikramul Hasan

Hamidreza Hasani

Johannes Haubold

Mohammad Jokar

Abel Joseph

Rakesh Kumar

Thao T. Le

Munjae Lee

Kashish Malhotra

Andrea Maugeri

Rishi P Mediratta

Xin Deng

Maryam Moradi

Azzam A. Maghazachi

Rajeev Gupta

Azizullah Beran

Sana Ullah

Fariba Ghassemi

Pramod Kumar Pal

Mpiko Ntsekhe

Mark Janko

Quique Bassat

Grace Kim

Saleha Anwar

William A. Petri

Ke Deng

Ashish Bhalla

Berrak Bora Başara

Saman Fahimi

Chakib Nejjari

Abdollah Jafarzadeh

Zahra Saadatian

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Asima Karim

Kavumpurathu Raman Thankappan

Pugazhenthan Thangaraju

Rizwan Kalani

Adel Al‐Gheethi

Jasbir Singh

Manik Aggarwal

Sumant Inamdar

Sultan Ayoub Meo

Antonella Agodi

Martina Barchitta

Olumide Abiodun

Sayed Mohammad Nazim Uddin

Katie R. Nielsen

Harapan Harapan

T. Sarkar

Malke Asaad

Luis Alberto Cámera

Rosa A S Couto

Md Saquib Hasnain

Shankargouda Patil

Paulo J. G. Bettencourt

Deldar Morad Abdulah

Auwal Abdullahi

Richard Gyan Aboagye

Salahdein Aburuz

Saryia Adra

Saira Afzal

Shahin Aghamiri

Williams Agyemang‐Duah

Amir Mahmoud Ahmadzade

Luai A. Ahmed

Syed Anees Ahmed

Marjan Ajami

Hossein Akbarialiabad

Karolina Akinosoglou

Syed Mahfuz Al Hasan

Mohammad T AlBataineh

Khalifah A Aldawsari

Sharifullah Alemi

Abid Ali

Rafat Ali

Shahid Ali

Ahmednur Adem Aliyi

Amirali Aali

Samar Abd ElHafeez

Hasan Abualruz

Victor Abiola Adepoju

Firdos Ahmad

Shahzaib Ahmad

Mohammed Ahmed Akkaif

Samer O Alalalmeh

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Mohammed Usman Ali

Sabah Al-Marwani

Joseph Uy Almazan

Basem Al‐Omari

Zaid Altaany

Hassan Alwafi

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Tarek Tawfik Amin

David Anderson

Pedro Prata Andrade

Sumadi Lukman Anwar

Mosab Arafat

Mesay Arkew

Benedetta Armocida

Michael B. Arndt

Mahwish Arooj

Raphael Taiwo Aruleba

Muhammad Ashraf

B B Darshan

Muhammad Badar

Hiba Jawdat Barqawi

Antonio Mirijello

Javier Brazo‐Sayavera

Riki Tesler

Yimeng Song

Τaxiarchis Κonstantinos Νikolouzakis

Ashraf Mohamadkhani

Ashish Kumar

Dharmesh Kumar Lal

Balachandar Vellingiri

Rouzbeh Abbasgholizadeh

Meriem Abdoun

Mesfin Abebe

Mohamed Abouzid

Girma Beressa Aboye

Bilyaminu Abubakar

Juliana Bunmi Adetunji

Temitayo Esther Adeyeoluwa

Essona Matatom Akara

Almaza A. Albakri

Samrawit Shawel Abebe

Meysam Abolmaali

Dariush Abtahi

Daniel A Adeyinka

Olorunsola Adeyomoye

Meqdad Saleh Ahmed

Jaimon T. Kelly

Yashendra Sethi

Aleš Tichopád

Haitham Jahrami

Hamid R. Shahsavari

Sandeep Maharaj

Rebecca M Cogen

Stefano Guicciardi

Colin R Simpson

Adewale Oluwaseun Fadaka

Pankaj Chaturvedi

Esam Halboub

Thanigaivelan Kanagasabai

Sachin C. Sarode

Gargi S. Sarode

Bryan Chong

Taeho Greg Rhee

Paul Chukwudi Ikwegbue

Niloofar Deravi

Vetriselvan Subramaniyan

Rajesh Sharma

Ahmed Yaseen Alqutaibi

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Wang‐Dong Xu

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Izza Shahid

Joseph H. Friedman

Mahalaxmi Iyer

Gláucia Maria Moraes de Oliveira

Maha Saber-Ayad

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Guesh Mebrahtom

Zhiyong Zou

Vinoth Gnana Chellaiyan

Zhe Sun

Narjes Saheb Sharif‐Askari

Jingya Zhang

Desalegn Shiferaw

Haley Comfort

John E Fuller

Amin Mokari

Amin Reza Nikpoor

Spencer A Pease

Abhay Gaidhane

Myron Anthony Godinho

Georges Nguefack‐Tsague

B. Suresh Kumar Shetty

Nuwan Darshana Wickramasinghe

Chenkai Wu

Yang Xie

Yong Yu

Nelson Zamora

Sokking Ong

Sher Zaman Safi

Kate Francis

Mahsa Heidari‐Foroozan

Luciana Aparecida Campos

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Yaseen Galali

Parham Habibzadeh

Elham Jamshidi

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Parham Mardi

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Entezar Mehrabi Nasab

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Sina Rashedi

Maryam Rezaei

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Erfan Sadeghi

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Seyed‐Amir Tabatabaeizadeh

Yasaman Taheri Abkenar

Moslem Taheri Soodejani

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Sulaiman Bah

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Joshua Chadwick

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Ana Maria Dascălu

Nihar Ranjan Dash

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Hardik Dineshbhai Desai

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Mohamed A. Elmonem

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Rupesh K. Gautam

Fariba Ghassemi

Shi‐Yang Guan

Md. Abdul Hannan

Yuta Hiraike

Sahadat Hossain

Hassan Hosseinzadeh

Junjie Huang

Hong-Han Huynh

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Billingsley Kaambwa

Vidya Kadashetti

Navjot Kaur

Amirmohammad Khalaji

Karel Kostev

Yuvaraj Krishnamoorthy

Md Abdul Kuddus

Harish Kumar

Satyajit Kundu

Kamaluddin Latief

Mansour Adam Mahmoud

Razzagh Mahmoudi

Roy Rillera Marzo

Le Huu Nhat Minh

Nouh Saad Mohamed

Hoda Mojiri-Forushani

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Francesk Mulita

Efrén Murillo‐Zamora

Firzan Nainu

Hastyar Hama Rashid Najmuldeen

Javaid Nauman

Biswa Prakash Nayak

Hadush Negash

Hau Thi Hien Nguyen

Dang Nguyen

Phat Tuan Nguyen

Lawrence Achilles Nnyanzi

Mamoona Noreen

Nkechi Martina Odogwu

Akinkunmi Paul Okekunle

Isaac Iyinoluwa Olufadewa

Michał Ordak

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Alicia Padrón‐Monedero

Anca Pantea Stoian

Marcos Pereira

Naeimeh Pourtaheri

Elton Junio Sady Prates

Md. Mosfequr Rahman

Sheena Ramazanu

Nemanja Rančić

Drona Rasali

Luis Felipe Reyes

Mohsen Rezaeian

Mónica Rodrigues

Amene Saghazadeh

Soumya Swaroop Sahoo

Mirza Rizwan Sajid

Mohamed A. Saleh

Made Ary Sarasmita

Art Schuermans

Maryam Shabany

Samiah Shahid

Sadaf Sharfaei

Aminu Shittu

Luís R. Silva

Md Shahjahan Siraj

Hamidreza Soleimani

Seyyed Mohammad Tabatabaei

Jacques Lukenze Tamuzi

Jansje Henny Vera Ticoalu

Domenico Tricò

Samuel Tromans

Asokan Govindaraj Vaithinathan

Rohollah Valizadeh

Priya Vart

Shoban Babu Varthya

Georgios‐Ioannis Verras

Juan Xia

Metin Yeşiltepe

Siyan Yi

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Nelson Rodríguez

Armin Zarrintan

Magdalena Zielińska

Mohammad Zoladl

Ahmed Abdel‐Wahab

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Samir Abu‐Rumeileh

Samuel Akyirem

Manjurul Alam

Mohammed Khaled Al‐Hanawi

Omar Almidani

Jaber S. Alqahtani

Awais Altaf

Hany Aly

Abhishek Anil

Abdulfatai Aremu

Abraham Samuel Babu

Abdulaziz Bako

Kiran Bam

Hansi Bansal

Pritish Baskaran

João Diogo Basso

Thomas Beaney

Emad Behboudi

Maryam Beiranvand

Diana Fernanda Bejarano Ramírez

Muhammad Bashir Bello

Olorunjuwon Omolaja Bello

Zombor Berezvai

Kebede Beyene

Prarthna V Bhardwaj

Ashish Bhargava

Vivek Bhat

Rajbir Bhatti

Francesca Bisulli

Atanu Biswas

Mary Sefa Boampong

Aadam Olalekan Bodunrin

Milad Bonakdar Hashemi

Kaustubh Bora

Norma B. Bulamu

Danilo Buonsenso

Richard A. Burns

Sinclair Carr

Maria Sofia Cattaruzza

Müge Çevik

Yaacoub Chahine

Chin‐Kuo Chang

Victoria Chatzimavridou-Grigoriadou

An‐Tian Chen

Haowei Chen

Mengxuan Chen

Eric Lim Teik Chung

Eunice Chung

Sriharsha Dadana

Zhaoli Dai

Lachlan L. Dalli

Aklilu Tamire Debele

Lee Deitesfeld

Andreas K. Demetriades

Sameer Dhingra

Adriana Dima

Delaney D Ding

M Ashworth Dirac

Thao Huynh Phuong

Camila Bruneli do Prado

Masoud Dodangeh

Wendel Mombaque dos Santos

Robert Kokou Dowou

John Dube

Senbagam Duraisamy

Oyewole Christopher Durojaiye

Paulina Agnieszka Dzianach

Ejemai Eboreime

Alireza Ebrahimi

Chidiebere Peter Echieh

Kristina Edvardsson

Defi Efendi

Ferry Efendi

Terje Andreas Eikemo

Ebrahim Eini

Frank J. Elgar

Ghada Metwally Tawfik ElGohary

Mohammed Elshaer

Ibrahim Elsohaby

Theophilus I. Emeto

Luchuo Engelbert Bain

Ryenchindorj Erkhembayar

Juan Espinosa‐Montero

Hamed Fattahi

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Pooria Fazeli

Ginenus Fekadu

Daniela Ferrante

Joanne Flavel

Bobirca Teodor Florin

Behzad Foroutan

Matteo Foschi

Alberto Freitas

Sara D Friedman

Aravind P. Gandhi

Miglas Welay Gebregergis

Tamirat Getachew

Sulmaz Ghahramani

Khalid Y. Ghailan

Mohammad‐Reza Ghasemi

Afsaneh Ghasemzadeh

Ramy Mohamed Ghazy

Ali Gholamrezanezhad

Pooyan Ghorbani Vajargah

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Mohamad Goldust

Anmol Goyal

Giovanni Guarducci

Mesay Dechasa

Damitha Asanga Gunawardane

Sasidhar Gunturu

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Sapna Gupta

Nasrin Hanifi

Md. Nuruzzaman Haque

M. Tasdik Hasan

Omar E Hegazi

Bartosz Helfer

Hamed Hesami

Chengxi Hu

Michael Hultström

Javid Hussain

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Mustapha Immurana

Arnaud Iradukunda

Linda Merin J

Khushleen Jaggi

Kasra Jahankhani

Nityanand Jain

Abubakar Ibrahim Jatau

Jayakumar Jeganathan

Anil Kumar Jha

Olatunji Johnson

Edmund Wedam Kanmiki

Kehinde Kazeem Kanmodi

Rami S. Kantar

Mehrdad Karajizadeh

Arman Karimi Behnagh

Hengameh Kasraei

Molly B Kassel

Foad Kazemi

Jessica A. Kerr

Emmanuelle Kesse‐Guyot

Faham Khamesipour

Asaduzzaman Khan

Ikramullah Khan

Mahammed Ziauddin Khan suheb

Shaghayegh Khanmohammadi

Fatemeh Khatami

Armin Khavandegar

Feriha Fatima Khidri

Elaheh Khodadoust

Moein Khormali

Zemene Demelash Kifle

Jihee Kim

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Gerbrand Koren

Mukhtar Kulimbet

Vishnutheertha Kulkarni

Madhulata Kumari

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Ilias Kyriopoulos

Muhammad Awwal Ladan

Lucie Laflamme

Daphne Teck Ching Lai

Judit Lám

Francesco Lanfranchi

Ariane Laplante-Lévesque

Kaveh Latifinaibin

Nhi Huu Hanh Le

Trang Diep Thanh Le

Temesgen Leka Lerango

Wei Li

Xiaopan Li

Virendra S Ligade

Andrew Likaka

Jue Liu

Erand Llanaj

Arianna Maever Loreche

Jailos Lubinda

Zheng Feei

Nikolaos Machairas

Monika Machoy

Christian Madsen

Elham Mahmoudi

Armaan K. Malhotra

Bishnu P. Marasini

Agustina Marconi

Mirko Marino

Bernardo Alfonso Martínez-Guerra

Ramón Martínez

Sharmeen Maryam

Richard J. Maude

Mahsa Mayeli

Maryam Mazaheri

Anna Laura W McKowen

Enkeleint A. Mechili

Jitendra Kumar Meena

Kamran Mehrabani-Zeinabad

Bezawit Afework Mesfin

Adquate Mhlanga

Laurette Mhlanga

Tianyue Mi

Mizan Kiros Mirutse

Chaitanya Mittal

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Mouhand Mohamed

Sakineh Mohammad‐Alizadeh‐Charandabi

Soheil Mohammadi

Mustapha Mohammed

Rafael Silveira Moreira

Parsa Mousavi

Seyed Ehsan Mousavi

Matías Mrejen

Lorenzo Muccioli

Faraz Mughal

Sumoni Mukherjee

Kavita Munjal

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Ghulam Mustafa

Pirouz Naghavi

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Athare Nazri-Panjaki

Evangelia Nena

Samata Nepal

Van Thanh Nguyen

Ali Nikoobar

Nafise Noroozi

Chisom Adaobi Nri-Ezedi

George Ntaios

Dieta Nurrika

Kehinde Obamiro

Ismail Ayoade Odetokun

Akinyemi O D Ofakunrin

Sylvester Reuben Okeke

Muideen T. Olaiya

Matthew Idowu Olatubi

Yinka Doris Oluwafemi

Goran Latif Omer

Kenneth I. Onyedibe

Orish Ebere Orisakwe

Verner N. Orish

Guoqing Ouyang

Yaz Ozten

Mahesh Padukudru P A

Tamás Palicz

Claudia Palladino

Raúl Felipe Palma-Álvarez

Helena Ullyartha Pangaribuan

Georgios D. Panos

Ioannis Pantazopoulos

Paraskevi Papadopoulou

Romil R Parikh

Ashwaghosha Parthasarathi

Ava Pashaei

Venkata Suresh Patthipati

Umberto Pensato

Hoang Tran Pham

Daniela Pierannunzio

Manon Pigeolet

Dimitri Poddighe

Ramesh Poluru

Pranil Man Singh Pradhan

Manya Prasad

Bharathi Purohit

Jagadeesh Puvvula

Nameer Hashim Qasim

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Hadi Raeisi Shahraki

Sathish Rajaa

Prashant Rajput

Shakthi Kumaran Ramasamy

Kritika Rana

Indu Ramachandra Rao

Mithun Rao

Ashkan Rasouli‐Saravani

Azad Rasul

Ramin Ravangard

Nakul Ravikumar

Faizan Ur Rehman

Mavra A Riaz

Hannah Elizabeth Robinson-Oden

Debby Syahru Romadlon

Priyanka Roy

S N Chandan

Korosh Saber

Adam Saddler

Bashdar Abuzed Sadee

Joseph W. Sakshaug

Afeez Abolarinwa Salami

Luciane Bresciani Salaroli

Mohammed Z Y Salem

Sohrab Salimi

Sara Samadzadeh

Saad Samargandy

Yoseph Leonardo Samodra

Francesca Sanna

Babak Saravi

Yaser Sarikhani

Md. Abu Sayeed

Nikolaos Scarmeas

Benedikt M. Schaarschmidt

Winfried Schlee

Siddharthan Selvaraj

Sabyasachi Senapati

Dragoş Şerban

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Wajeehah Shahid

Alireza Shakeri

Sunder Sham

Muhammad Aaqib Shamim

Hina Shamshad

Mohammad Anas Shamsi

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Amin Sharifan

Vishal Sharma

Rajesh P. Shastry

Amr M. Shehabeldine

Rahim Ali Sheikhi

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Emmanuel Edwar Siddig

Soraia Silva

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Abhinav Singh

Freddy Sitas

Shravan Sivakumar

Μichael Spartalis

Joseph R. Starnes

Abida Sultana

David Sunkersing

Chandan Kumar Swain

Mindy D Szeto

Payam Tabaee Damavandi

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Daniele Urso

Jef Van den Eynde

Nicholas Alexander Verghese

Gabriela Ines Villanueva

Kosala Weerakoon

Dakshitha Praneeth Wickramasinghe

Marcin W. Wojewodzic

Subah Abderehim Yesuf

Siddhesh Zadey

Vesna Zadnik

Nima Zafari

Fathiah Zakham

Mohammed G M Zeariya

Haijun Zhang

Bin Zhu

Elric Zweck

Hazim Ababneh

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Feleke Doyore Agide

Mehrunnisha Sharif Ahmed

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Haileselasie Berhane Alema

Amjad Ali

Reyhaneh Alikhani

Mohammad Abdullah Aljasir

Louay Almidani

Shehabaldin Alqalyoobi

Deborah Oyine Aluh

Mohammad Hosein Amirzade-Iranaq

Sneha Anil

Ansariadi Ansariadi

Mohsen Asadi-Lari

Akeza Awealom Asgedom

Mona Asghariahmadabad

Armin Aslani

Bantalem Tilaye Tilaye Atinafu

Habtamu Wondmagegn Atlaw

Amlaku Mulat Aweke

Haleh Ayatollahi

Rui Azevedo

Najmeh Bahmanziari

Atif Amin Baig

Ravleen Kaur Bakshi

M. Balasubramanian

Kannu Bansal

Franca Barbic

Erfan Bardideh

Ann V L Basting

Massimiliano Beghi

Priyamadhaba Behera

Sefealem Assefa Belay

Chalie Mulu Belete

Bétyna N. Berice

Kayleigh Bhangdia

Jessica Devin Bishai

Bijit Biswas

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Micheal Kofi Boachie

Anca Bobîrcă

Eyob Ketema Bogale

Kassawmar Angaw Bogale

Antoine Boustany

C. S. Boxe

Julie Brown

Luca Cegolon

Raymond J. Chan

Angela W Chen

Catherine S Chen

Esther Cheng

Wondimye Ashenafi Cheru

Ju‐Huei Chien

Patrick R Ching

Erin Chung

Zinhle Cindi

Iolanda Cioffi

Mareli Claassens

Kenneth Michael Cramer

Silvia Magali Cuadra-Hernández

Siyu Dai

Anna Dastiridou

Cristian Del Bo’

Vishal Dhulipala

Huanghe Ding

Saeid Doaei

Sushil Dohare

Regina-Mae Villanueva Dominguez

Wanyue Dong

Mario D’Oria

Viola Savy Dsouza

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Diyan Ermawan Effendi

Teshome Bekele Elema

Legesse Tesfaye Elilo

Christopher Imokhuede Esezobor

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Aliasghar Fakhri‐Demeshghieh

Abidemi Omolara Fasanmi

Xiaoru Feng

Bikila Regassa Feyisa

Ingeborg Forthun

Daniela Fortuna

Kayode Raphael Fowobaje

Blima Fux

Mandukhai Ganbat

Mohammad Arfat Ganiyani

Naval Garg

Semiu O. Gbadamosi

Tilaye Gebru

Simona Roxana Georgescu

Molla Getie

Ghazal Ghasempour Dabaghi

Ajnish Ghimire

Nasim Gholizadeh

Mahsa Ghorbani

Nelson G. M. Gomes

Snigdha Gulati

Anish Kumar Gupta

Manoj Kumar Gupta

Mohak Gupta

Lami Gurmessa

Mostafa Hadei

Qiuxia Han

Fahad Hanna

Ikrama Hassan

Ahmad Hosseinzadeh Adli

Rebecca Hsu

Tsegaye Gebreyes Hundie

Foziya Mohammed Hussien

Khalid S Ibrahim

Pulwasha Maria Iftikhar

Adalia I Ikiroma

Mohammad Tarique Imam

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Muhammad Iqhrammullah

Md Rabiul Islam

Faisal Ismail

Abhishek Jaiswal

Sabzali Javadov

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Dler Hussein Kadir

Laleh R. Kalankesh

Vineet Kumar Kamal

Rajesh Kamath

Naser Kamyari

Arun Kanmanthareddy

Suthanthira Kannan S

Reema Karasneh

Qalandar Hussein Abdulkarim Kasnazani

Sina Kazemian

Tahseen Kazmi

Getu Mosisa Kebebew

Adera Debella

Fassikaw Kebede

Tibebeselassie Seyoum Keflie

Alireza Khalilian

Zeeshan Ali Khan

Mohammad Khorgamphar

Zahra Khorrami

Ahmad Khosravi

Timea Kocsis

Kairi Kõlves

Hare Krishna

Varun Krishna

Akshay Kumar

Fantahun Tarekegn Kumie

Alexander Kwarteng

Abraham K Lagat

Anton Lager

Abdelilah Lahmar

Kelsey R. Landrum

Justin J. Lang

Megan Lindstrom

Gang Liu

Run-Ben Liu

Xiaofeng Liu

Rubén López‐Bueno

Kelsey Lynn Maass

Farzan Madadizadeh

Áurea Madureira-Carvalho

Alireza Mahmoudi

Irsa Fatima Makhdoom

Pejman Mansouri

Sajid Maqsood

Gabriel Martínez

Daniela Martini

Awoke Masrie

Jishanth Mattumpuram

John Robert C. Medina

Tesfahun Mekene Meto

Max Alberto Mendez Mendez-Lopez

Belayneh Mengist

Haftu Asmerom

Chamila Mettananda

Sachith Mettananda

Peter Meylakhs

Pouya Mir Mohammad Sadeghi

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