Global, regional, and national burden of neurological disorders, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Глобальное, региональное и национальное бремя неврологических заболеваний, 1990–2016 гг.: систематический анализ в рамках исследования глобального бремени болезней 2016 года
Giuseppe Grosso, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Christopher J L Murray, Foad Abd-Allah, Ahmed Abdelalim, Ibrahim Abdollahpour, Abiodun M. Adeoye, Muktar Beshir Ahmed, Rufus Akinyemi, Fares Alahdab, Shazia Alam, Syed Mohamed Aljunid, Khalid A Altirkawi, Jalal Arabloo, Johan Ärnlöv, Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla, Alaa Badawi, Maciej Banach, Suzanne Barker‐Collo, Till Bärnighausen, Bernhard T. Baune, Neeraj Bedi, Ettore Beghi, Yannick Béjot, Isabela M. Benseñor, Krittika Bhattacharyya, Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Ali Bijani, Muhammad Shahdaat Bin Sayeed, Zahid A Butt, Ismael Campos‐Nonato, Rosario Cárdenas, Juan Jesús Carrero, Félix Carvalho, Carlos A Castañeda-Orjuela, Franz Castro, Ester Cerin, Hanne Christensen, Vera Marisa Costa, Albertino Damasceno, Ahmad Daryani, Diego De Leo, Gebre Teklemariam Demoz, Daniel Díaz, David Edvardsson, Sharareh Eskandarieh, Alireza Esteghamati, André Faro, Farshad Farzadfar, Valery L. Feigin, Seyed‐Mohammad Fereshtehnejad, Eduarda Fernandes, Irina Filip, Florian Fischer, James L. Fisher, Takeshi Fukumoto, Paramjit Gill, Giorgia Giussani, E. V. Gnedovskaya, Alessandra C. Goulart, Yuming Guo, Tarun Gupta, Arvin Haj‐Mirzaian, Arya Haj‐Mirzaian, Randah R Hamadeh, Samer Hamidi, Graeme J. Hankey, Josep María Haro, Hadi Hassankhani, Rasmus Havmoeller, Simon I Hay, Fatemeh Heydarpour, Guoqing Hu, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam, Mihajlo Jakovljević, Spencer L James, Ravi Prakash Jha, Catherine O. Johnson, Jost B. Jonas, Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak, Mikk Jürisson, Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader, Tanuj Kanchan, André Karch, Peter Njenga Keiyoro, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Yun Jin Kim, Adnan Kısa, Ai Koyanagi, Barthélémy Kuate Defo, Ben Lacey, Shanshan Li, Shai Linn, Alan D Lopez, Stefan Lorkowski, Paulo A. Lotufo, Azeem Majeed, Reza Malekzadeh, Déborah Carvalho Malta, Mohammad Alì Mansournia, Colm McAlinden, John J. McGrath, Ziad A. Memish, Walter Mendoza, Atte Meretoja, Tuomo J Meretoja, Tomislav Meštrović, Bartosz Miazgowski, Tomasz Miazgowski, Ted R. Miller, GK Mini, Erkin М Мirrakhimov, Babak Moazen, Naser Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, Shafiu Mohammed, Ali H. Mokdad, Lorenzo Monasta, Ghobad Moradi, Maziar Moradi‐Lakeh, Paula Moraga, Shane D. Morrison, Seyyed Meysam Mousavi, Kamarul Imran Musa, Mehdi Naderi, Gabriele Nagel, Farid Najafi, Vinay Nangia, Ionuţ Negoi, Josephine W Ngunjiri, Cuong Tat Nguyen, Minh Nguyen, Molly R Nixon, Bo Norrving, Jean Jacques Noubiap, In‐Hwan Oh, Andrew T Olagunju, Obinna Onwujekwe, Mayowa Owolabi, P A Mahesh, Songhomitra Panda‐Jonas, Sangram Kishor Patel, David M. Pereira, М. А. Пирадов, Suzanne Polinder, Maarten J. Postma, V. Prakash, Amir Radfar, Muhammad Aziz Rahman, Fatemeh Rajati, David Laith Rawaf, Salman Rawaf, André M. N. Renzaho, Serge Resnikoff, Nicholas L S Roberts, Leonardo Roever, Luca Ronfani, Gholamreza Roshandel, Gregory A. Roth, Perminder S. Sachdev, Basema Saddik, Sare Safi, Saeid Safiri, Rajesh Sagar, Nasir Salam, Abdallah M Samy, Juan Sanabria, Itamar S Santos, Milena M Santric-Milicevic, Nizal Sarrafzadegan, Benn Sartorius, Brijesh Sathian, David C. Schwebel, Sadaf G Sepanlou, Mehran Shams-Beyranvand, Morteza Shamsizadeh, Aziz Sheikh, Mika Shigematsu, Rahman Shiri, Reza Shirkoohi, Soraya Siabani, Inga Dóra Sigfúsdóttir, Rannveig Sigurvinsdóttir, João Pedro Silva, Eirini Skiadaresi, Moslem Soofi, Ireneous N Soyiri, Dan J. Stein, Mark A. Stokes, Mu’awiyyah Babale Sufiyan, Rafael Tabarés‐Seisdedos, Arash Tehrani‐Banihashemi, Mohamad‐Hani Temsah, Roman Topór-Mądry, Bach Xuan Tran, Lorainne Tudor Car, Pascual Valdéz, Tommi Vasankari, Yousef Veisani, Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian, Francesco Saverio Violante, Vasily Vlassov, Yasir Waheed, Mitchell T. Wallin, Yuan‐Pang Wang, Jordan Weiss, Harvey Whiteford, Charles Wolfe, Gelin Xu, Yuichiro Yano, Paul Yip, Naohiro Yonemoto, Chuanhua Yu, Hamed Zandian, Yunquan Zhang, Timothy J. Steiner, Lars Jacob Stovner, Elisabete Weiderpass, Mohsen Afarideh, Sutapa Agrawal, Sadaf Esteghamati, Morsaleh Ganji, Johanna M. Geleijnse, Hamid Yimam Hassen, Chi Linh Hoang, Amir Kasaeian, Yousef Khader, Fakher Rahim, Young‐Ho Khang, Yoshihiro Kokubo, Winfried März, Toni Meier, Hossein Poustchi, Mostafa Qorbani, Amanda G. Thrift, Kingsley Nnanna Ukwaja, Irfan Ullah, Olalekan A. Uthman, Giang Thu Vu, Tissa Wijeratne, Victor Aboyans, Nelson Alvis‐Guzmán, Derrick Bennett, Jung‐Chen Chang, Michael H Criqui, Samath Dhamminda Dharmaratne, Daniel Kim, Giancarlo Logroscino, Mohsen Naghavi, Aliya Naheed, Ivy Shiue, Jasvinder A. Singh, Bryan L. Sykes, Hiroshi Yatsuya, Burcu Küçük Biçer, Van Charles Lansingh, Navid Manafi, Vafa Rahimi‐Movaghar, Mohammad Hifz Ur Rahman, Nickolas Reinig, Mohammad Ali Sahraian, Mehdi Yaseri, Carlos Cantú‐Brito, Miguel A. Barboza, Joseph R. Zunt, Khanh Bao Tran, Carol Brayne, Olatunde Aremu, Christina Fitzmaurice, Nicholas J Kassebaum, Ali Kiadaliri, Carl Abelardo T. Antonio, Hamid Asayesh, Ashish Awasthi, Adugnaw Berhane, Ferrán Catalá-López, Peggy Pei-Chia Chiang, Cyrus Cooper, Kebede Deribe, Manisha Dubey, Richard G. Ellenbogen, Matthias Endres, Aman Yesuf Endries, Fortuné Gbètoho Gankpé, Yuantao Hao, Mehdi Javanbakht, Yogeshwar Kalkonde, Anil Kaul, Warren Lo, Raimundas Lunevičius, Mark T. Mackay, Marek Majdán, Peter Memiah, Pedro R. Olivares, Max Petzold, Richie Poulton, Anwar Rafay, Mahfuzar Rahman, Usha Ram, Ramesh Sahathevan, Maheswar Satpathy, Monika Sawhney, Ione Jayce Ceola Schneider, Ben Schöttker, Soraya Seedat, Masood Ali Shaikh, Kevin N. Sheth, Dayane Gabriele Alves Silveira, Luciano A. Sposato, Lars Jacob Stovner, Cassandra Szoeke, Braden Te Ao, Charles Shey Wiysonge, Zoubida Zaidi, Mahmoud Yousefifard, Robyn Lucas, Emma Nichols, Haftom Niguse Abraha, Abate Bekele Belachew, Belete Biadgo, Yazan Chaiah, Abadi Kahsu Gebre, Afewerki Gebremeskel Tsadik, Teklu Gebrehiwo Gebremichael, Kebede Embaye Gezae, Maryam Ghasemi‐Kasman, Tekleberhan B Hagos, Tesfaye Kassa, Yirga Legesse Nirayo, Hagazi Gebre Meles, Getnet Mengistu, Ghulam Mustafa, Tinuke O Olagunju, Hosein Safari, Shahabeddin Sarvi, Mehdi Sharif, Mari Smith, Omar Temsah, Miguel Tortajada‐Girbés, Andrea Sylvia Winkler, Ebrahim M Yimer, Amani Nidhal Aichour, Ibtihel Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine Aichour, E. Ray Dorsey, Rahul Gupta, Rita Krishnamurthi, LG Mantovani, Ilais Moreno Velásquez, Dina Nur Anggraini Ningrum, Jeyaraj Pandian, Annemarei Ranta, Mohammad Sadegh Rezai, Raad Shakir, Alice Theadom, José Carmelo Adsuar, Ayman Al‐Eyadhy, Masoud Behzadifar, Fernando de la Hoz, Marcos Roberto Tovani‐Palone, Yoshan Moodley, Linda Glennie, Eyal Oren, Jun She, Abdu A. Adamu, Oladimeji Adebayo, Alireza Ahmadi, Marlena S. Bannick, Paolo Angelo Cortesi, Christopher S. Crowe, Ayman Grada, Juanita A. Haagsma, Behnam Heidari, Michael K. Hole, Morteza Abdullatif Khafaie, Young‐Eun Kim, Manasi Kumar, Benjamin B. Massenburg, Stefania Mondello, Mahmood Moosazadeh, Ruxandra Irina Negoi, Alireza Rafiei, Saleh Salehi Zahabi, Sojib Bin Zaman, PN Sylaja, Rustam Al‐Shahi Salman, Vanessa De la Cruz‐Góngora, Mohamed Hegazy, Walter Muruet, Badr Hasan Sobaih, Kia Vosoughi, Ali Yadollahpour, Maryam Mohammadi‐Khanaposhtani, Carlos Miguel Ríos-González, Murray B. Stein, Charles R. Newton, Anthony Kim, Guilherme V. Polanczyk, Ralph L. Sacco, Donald H. Silberberg, Nooshin Abbasi, Dilaram Acharya, Kefyalew Addis Alene, Nahla Anber, Rana Jawad Asghar, Joseph Adel Mattar Banoub, Meysam Behzadifar, Mircea Beuran, Nigus Bililign, Muhammad Shahdaat Bin Sayeed, Mesfin Tadese Dinberu, David Teye Doku, Eleonora Dubljanin, Eyasu Ejeta Duken, Ziad El‐Khatib, Farzaneh Farhadi, Garumma Tolu Feyissa, Tiffany K Gill, Andualem Henok, Enayatollah Homaie Rad, Mostafa Hosseini, Amaha Kahsay, Manoochehr Karami, Narges Karimi, Daniel N Kiirithio, Alessandra Lafranconi, Arman Latifi, Yu Liao, Narayan Bahadur Mahotra, Reza Majdzadeh, Tivani P. Mashamba-Thompson, Varshil Mehta, Addisu Melese, Desalegn Tadese Mengistu, Bahram Mohajer, Mousa Mohammadnia‐Afrouzi, Farnam Mohebi, Mehdi Moradinazar, W Cliff Mountjoy-Venning, Oumer Sada Muhammed, Gurudatta Naik, Malihe Nourollahpour Shiadeh, Peter S. Nyasulu, Richard Ofori‐Asenso, Amir H. Pakpour, Swayam Prakash, Ali Rostami, Roya Safari‐Faramani, Yahya Salimi, Arundhati R Sawant, Hosein Shabaninejad, Azadeh Shafieesabet, Mahdi Sharif-Alhoseini, Tariq Jamal Siddiqi, Dhirendra Narain Sinha, Soheila Sobhani, Thomas Clement Truelsen, Muhammad Usman, Isidora S Vujcic, Fasil Shiferaw Wagnew, Engida Yisma, Mohammad Zamani, Zohreh Zare, Mohammad Hosein Farzaei, Natacha Blake, William J. Culpepper, Alexis Elbaz, Benôıt Marin, Anoop P. Patel, Marco Piccininni, Claire Wright, Sutapa Agrawal, Nadia Akseer, Hagos Tasew Atalay, Ayuk Betrand Tambe, Bayu Begashaw Bekele, Christopher Kynrint Blazes, Mate Car, Irini Chatziralli, Devasahayam J Christopher, Shirin Djalalinia, Batool Fatima, Miguel Ángel García-Gordillo, Belayneh Kefale, Demeke Geremew, Mahari Y Gidey, Efrata Tufa Girma, Ehimario Igumbor, Yash Jobanputra, Teshome Abegaz Kamil, Zemenu Yohannes Kassa, Adane Teshome Kefale, Habibolah Khazaie, Cheru Tesema Leshargie, Kedar Mate, Moosa Mohammadi, Roghayeh Mohammadibakhsh, Long Hoang Nguyen, Okechukwu S. Ogah, Wen-Harn Pan, Julian David Pillay, Cesar Reis, Shahab Rezaeian, Elias Merdassa Roro, Parisa Sabbagh, Jarnail Singh Thakur, Vasanthan Rajagopalan, Tomohide Yamada, Sanjay Zodpey, Theo Vos, Stein Emil Vollset, Rana Jawad Asghar
2019-03-14

Bayesian meta-regressionGlobal Burden of Disease Studycomparative risk assessmentdisability-adjusted life-yearsneurological disorders
BACKGROUND: Neurological disorders are increasingly recognised as major causes of death and disability worldwide. The aim of this analysis from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2016 is to provide the most comprehensive and up-to-date estimates of the global, regional, and national burden from neurological disorders. METHODS: We estimated prevalence, incidence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs; the sum of years of life lost [YLLs] and years lived with disability [YLDs]) by age and sex for 15 neurological disorder categories (tetanus, meningitis, encephalitis, stroke, brain and other CNS cancers, traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, motor neuron diseases, idiopathic epilepsy, migraine, tension-type headache, and a residual category for other less common neurological disorders) in 195 countries from 1990 to 2016. DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression tool, was the main method of estimation of prevalence and incidence, and the Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm) was used for mortality estimation. We quantified the contribution of 84 risks and combinations of risk to the disease estimates for the 15 neurological disorder categories using the GBD comparative risk assessment approach. FINDINGS: Globally, in 2016, neurological disorders were the leading cause of DALYs (276 million [95% UI 247-308]) and second leading cause of deaths (9·0 million [8·8-9·4]). The absolute number of deaths and DALYs from all neurological disorders combined increased (deaths by 39% [34-44] and DALYs by 15% [9-21]) whereas their age-standardised rates decreased (deaths by 28% [26-30] and DALYs by 27% [24-31]) between 1990 and 2016. The only neurological disorders that had a decrease in rates and absolute numbers of deaths and DALYs were tetanus, meningitis, and encephalitis. The four largest contributors of neurological DALYs were stroke (42·2% [38·6-46·1]), migraine (16·3% [11·7-20·8]), Alzheimer's and other dementias (10·4% [9·0-12·1]), and meningitis (7·9% [6·6-10·4]). For the combined neurological disorders, age-standardised DALY rates were significantly higher in males than in females (male-to-female ratio 1·12 [1·05-1·20]), but migraine, multiple sclerosis, and tension-type headache were more common and caused more burden in females, with male-to-female ratios of less than 0·7. The 84 risks quantified in GBD explain less than 10% of neurological disorder DALY burdens, except stroke, for which 88·8% (86·5-90·9) of DALYs are attributable to risk factors, and to a lesser extent Alzheimer's disease and other dementias (22·3% [11·8-35·1] of DALYs are risk attributable) and idiopathic epilepsy (14·1% [10·8-17·5] of DALYs are risk attributable). INTERPRETATION: Globally, the burden of neurological disorders, as measured by the absolute number of DALYs, continues to increase. As populations are growing and ageing, and the prevalence of major disabling neurological disorders steeply increases with age, governments will face increasing demand for treatment, rehabilitation, and support services for neurological disorders. The scarcity of established modifiable risks for most of the neurological burden demonstrates that new knowledge is required to develop effective prevention and treatment strategies. FUNDING: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
1
Between 1990 and 2016, absolute neurological deaths increased by 39% and DALYs by 15%, while age-standardised death and DALY rates decreased by 28% and 27%, respectively.
2
In 2016, neurological disorders were the leading global cause of DALYs, accounting for 276 million DALYs (95% UI 247–308).
3
Neurological disorders were the second leading cause of deaths globally in 2016, causing 9.0 million deaths (95% UI 8.8–9.4).
4
Tetanus, meningitis, and encephalitis were the only neurological disorder categories with decreases in both absolute deaths and DALYs and their corresponding rates.
5
The analysis estimated prevalence, incidence, deaths, and DALYs for 15 neurological disorder categories across 195 countries and quantified contributions from 84 risks.

Global, regional, and national burden of neurological disorders (15 neurological disorder categories) in 195 countries from 1990 to 2016

The global, regional, and national burden of neurological disorders, including prevalence, incidence, deaths, DALYs, and risk-factor contributions, by age and sex over time

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2019-03-14
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Authors
Giuseppe Grosso
Amirhossein Sahebkar
Christopher J L Murray
Foad Abd-Allah
Ahmed Abdelalim
Ibrahim Abdollahpour
Abiodun M. Adeoye
Muktar Beshir Ahmed
Rufus Akinyemi
Fares Alahdab
Shazia Alam
Syed Mohamed Aljunid
Khalid A Altirkawi
Jalal Arabloo
Johan Ärnlöv
Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla
Alaa Badawi
Maciej Banach
Suzanne Barker‐Collo
Till Bärnighausen
Bernhard T. Baune
Neeraj Bedi
Ettore Beghi
Yannick Béjot
Isabela M. Benseñor
Krittika Bhattacharyya
Zulfiqar A Bhutta
Ali Bijani
Muhammad Shahdaat Bin Sayeed
Zahid A Butt
Ismael Campos‐Nonato
Rosario Cárdenas
Juan Jesús Carrero
Félix Carvalho
Carlos A Castañeda-Orjuela
Franz Castro
Ester Cerin
Hanne Christensen
Vera Marisa Costa
Albertino Damasceno
Ahmad Daryani
Diego De Leo
Gebre Teklemariam Demoz
Daniel Díaz
David Edvardsson
Sharareh Eskandarieh
Alireza Esteghamati
André Faro
Farshad Farzadfar
Valery L. Feigin
Seyed‐Mohammad Fereshtehnejad
Eduarda Fernandes
Irina Filip
Florian Fischer
James L. Fisher
Takeshi Fukumoto
Paramjit Gill
Giorgia Giussani
E. V. Gnedovskaya
Alessandra C. Goulart
Yuming Guo
Tarun Gupta
Arvin Haj‐Mirzaian
Arya Haj‐Mirzaian
Randah R Hamadeh
Samer Hamidi
Graeme J. Hankey
Josep María Haro
Hadi Hassankhani
Rasmus Havmoeller
Simon I Hay
Fatemeh Heydarpour
Guoqing Hu
Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi
Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani
Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam
Mihajlo Jakovljević
Spencer L James
Ravi Prakash Jha
Catherine O. Johnson
Jost B. Jonas
Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak
Mikk Jürisson
Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader
Tanuj Kanchan
André Karch
Peter Njenga Keiyoro
Ejaz Ahmad Khan
Yun Jin Kim
Adnan Kısa
Ai Koyanagi
Barthélémy Kuate Defo
Ben Lacey
Shanshan Li
Shai Linn
Alan D Lopez
Stefan Lorkowski
Paulo A. Lotufo
Azeem Majeed
Reza Malekzadeh
Déborah Carvalho Malta
Mohammad Alì Mansournia
Colm McAlinden
John J. McGrath
Ziad A. Memish
Walter Mendoza
Atte Meretoja
Tuomo J Meretoja
Tomislav Meštrović
Bartosz Miazgowski
Tomasz Miazgowski
Ted R. Miller
GK Mini
Erkin М Мirrakhimov
Babak Moazen
Naser Mohammad Gholi Mezerji
Shafiu Mohammed
Ali H. Mokdad
Lorenzo Monasta
Ghobad Moradi
Maziar Moradi‐Lakeh
Paula Moraga
Shane D. Morrison
Seyyed Meysam Mousavi
Kamarul Imran Musa
Mehdi Naderi
Gabriele Nagel
Farid Najafi
Vinay Nangia
Ionuţ Negoi
Josephine W Ngunjiri
Cuong Tat Nguyen
Minh Nguyen
Molly R Nixon
Bo Norrving
Jean Jacques Noubiap
In‐Hwan Oh
Andrew T Olagunju
Obinna Onwujekwe
Mayowa Owolabi
P A Mahesh
Songhomitra Panda‐Jonas
Sangram Kishor Patel
David M. Pereira
М. А. Пирадов
Suzanne Polinder
Maarten J. Postma
V. Prakash
Amir Radfar
Muhammad Aziz Rahman
Fatemeh Rajati
David Laith Rawaf
Salman Rawaf
André M. N. Renzaho
Serge Resnikoff
Nicholas L S Roberts
Leonardo Roever
Luca Ronfani
Gholamreza Roshandel
Gregory A. Roth
Perminder S. Sachdev
Basema Saddik
Sare Safi
Saeid Safiri
Rajesh Sagar
Nasir Salam
Abdallah M Samy
Juan Sanabria
Itamar S Santos
Milena M Santric-Milicevic
Nizal Sarrafzadegan
Benn Sartorius
Brijesh Sathian
David C. Schwebel
Sadaf G Sepanlou
Mehran Shams-Beyranvand
Morteza Shamsizadeh
Aziz Sheikh
Mika Shigematsu
Rahman Shiri
Reza Shirkoohi
Soraya Siabani
Inga Dóra Sigfúsdóttir
Rannveig Sigurvinsdóttir
João Pedro Silva
Eirini Skiadaresi
Moslem Soofi
Ireneous N Soyiri
Dan J. Stein
Mark A. Stokes
Mu’awiyyah Babale Sufiyan
Rafael Tabarés‐Seisdedos
Arash Tehrani‐Banihashemi
Mohamad‐Hani Temsah
Roman Topór-Mądry
Bach Xuan Tran
Lorainne Tudor Car
Pascual Valdéz
Tommi Vasankari
Yousef Veisani
Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian
Francesco Saverio Violante
Vasily Vlassov
Yasir Waheed
Mitchell T. Wallin
Yuan‐Pang Wang
Jordan Weiss
Harvey Whiteford
Charles Wolfe
Gelin Xu
Yuichiro Yano
Paul Yip
Naohiro Yonemoto
Chuanhua Yu
Hamed Zandian
Yunquan Zhang
Timothy J. Steiner
Lars Jacob Stovner
Elisabete Weiderpass
Mohsen Afarideh
Sutapa Agrawal
Sadaf Esteghamati
Morsaleh Ganji
Johanna M. Geleijnse
Hamid Yimam Hassen
Chi Linh Hoang
Amir Kasaeian
Yousef Khader
Fakher Rahim
Young‐Ho Khang
Yoshihiro Kokubo
Winfried März
Toni Meier
Hossein Poustchi
Mostafa Qorbani
Amanda G. Thrift
Kingsley Nnanna Ukwaja
Irfan Ullah
Olalekan A. Uthman
Giang Thu Vu
Tissa Wijeratne
Victor Aboyans
Nelson Alvis‐Guzmán
Derrick Bennett
Jung‐Chen Chang
Michael H Criqui
Samath Dhamminda Dharmaratne
Daniel Kim
Giancarlo Logroscino
Mohsen Naghavi
Aliya Naheed
Ivy Shiue
Jasvinder A. Singh
Bryan L. Sykes
Hiroshi Yatsuya
Burcu Küçük Biçer
Van Charles Lansingh
Navid Manafi
Vafa Rahimi‐Movaghar
Mohammad Hifz Ur Rahman
Nickolas Reinig
Mohammad Ali Sahraian
Mehdi Yaseri
Carlos Cantú‐Brito
Miguel A. Barboza
Joseph R. Zunt
Khanh Bao Tran
Carol Brayne
Olatunde Aremu
Christina Fitzmaurice
Nicholas J Kassebaum
Ali Kiadaliri
Carl Abelardo T. Antonio
Hamid Asayesh
Ashish Awasthi
Adugnaw Berhane
Ferrán Catalá-López
Peggy Pei-Chia Chiang
Cyrus Cooper
Kebede Deribe
Manisha Dubey
Richard G. Ellenbogen
Matthias Endres
Aman Yesuf Endries
Fortuné Gbètoho Gankpé
Yuantao Hao
Mehdi Javanbakht
Yogeshwar Kalkonde
Anil Kaul
Warren Lo
Raimundas Lunevičius
Mark T. Mackay
Marek Majdán
Peter Memiah
Pedro R. Olivares
Max Petzold
Richie Poulton
Anwar Rafay
Mahfuzar Rahman
Usha Ram
Ramesh Sahathevan
Maheswar Satpathy
Monika Sawhney
Ione Jayce Ceola Schneider
Ben Schöttker
Soraya Seedat
Masood Ali Shaikh
Kevin N. Sheth
Dayane Gabriele Alves Silveira
Luciano A. Sposato
Lars Jacob Stovner
Cassandra Szoeke
Braden Te Ao
Charles Shey Wiysonge
Zoubida Zaidi
Mahmoud Yousefifard
Robyn Lucas
Emma Nichols
Haftom Niguse Abraha
Abate Bekele Belachew
Belete Biadgo
Yazan Chaiah
Abadi Kahsu Gebre
Afewerki Gebremeskel Tsadik
Teklu Gebrehiwo Gebremichael
Kebede Embaye Gezae
Maryam Ghasemi‐Kasman
Tekleberhan B Hagos
Tesfaye Kassa
Yirga Legesse Nirayo
Hagazi Gebre Meles
Getnet Mengistu
Ghulam Mustafa
Tinuke O Olagunju
Hosein Safari
Shahabeddin Sarvi
Mehdi Sharif
Mari Smith
Omar Temsah
Miguel Tortajada‐Girbés
Andrea Sylvia Winkler
Ebrahim M Yimer
Amani Nidhal Aichour
Ibtihel Aichour
Miloud Taki Eddine Aichour
E. Ray Dorsey
Rahul Gupta
Rita Krishnamurthi
LG Mantovani
Ilais Moreno Velásquez
Dina Nur Anggraini Ningrum
Jeyaraj Pandian
Annemarei Ranta
Mohammad Sadegh Rezai
Raad Shakir
Alice Theadom
José Carmelo Adsuar
Ayman Al‐Eyadhy
Masoud Behzadifar
Fernando de la Hoz
Marcos Roberto Tovani‐Palone
Yoshan Moodley
Linda Glennie
Eyal Oren
Jun She
Abdu A. Adamu
Oladimeji Adebayo
Alireza Ahmadi
Marlena S. Bannick
Paolo Angelo Cortesi
Christopher S. Crowe
Ayman Grada
Juanita A. Haagsma
Behnam Heidari
Michael K. Hole
Morteza Abdullatif Khafaie
Young‐Eun Kim
Manasi Kumar
Benjamin B. Massenburg
Stefania Mondello
Mahmood Moosazadeh
Ruxandra Irina Negoi
Alireza Rafiei
Saleh Salehi Zahabi
Sojib Bin Zaman
PN Sylaja
Rustam Al‐Shahi Salman
Vanessa De la Cruz‐Góngora
Mohamed Hegazy
Walter Muruet
Badr Hasan Sobaih
Kia Vosoughi
Ali Yadollahpour
Maryam Mohammadi‐Khanaposhtani
Carlos Miguel Ríos-González
Murray B. Stein
Charles R. Newton
Anthony Kim
Guilherme V. Polanczyk
Ralph L. Sacco
Donald H. Silberberg
Nooshin Abbasi
Dilaram Acharya
Kefyalew Addis Alene
Nahla Anber
Rana Jawad Asghar
Joseph Adel Mattar Banoub
Meysam Behzadifar
Mircea Beuran
Nigus Bililign
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