Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 328 diseases and injuries for 195 countries, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Глобальная, региональная и национальная заболеваемость, распространённость и годы жизни с инвалидностью для 328 заболеваний и травм в 195 странах, 1990–2016 гг.: систематический анализ в рамках исследования «Глобальное бремя болезней, травм и факторов риска» 2016 года
Kazem Rahimi, Norberto Perico, Giuseppe Remuzzi, Ashkan Afshin, Renata Micha, Amitava Banerjee, Christopher J L Murray, Cristiana Abbafati, Kaja Abbas, Foad Abd-Allah, Laith J. Abu‐Raddad, Olatunji Adetokunboh, Anurag Agrawal, Hamid Ahmadieh, Muktar Beshir Ahmed, Rufus Akinyemi, Fares Alahdab, Ziyad Al‐Aly, Khurshid Alam, Shazia Alam, François Alla, Peter Allebeck, Khalid A Altirkawi, Johan Ärnlöv, Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla, Alaa Badawi, Suzanne Barker‐Collo, Till Bärnighausen, Lope H. Barrero, Sanjay Basu, Bernhard T. Baune, Neeraj Bedi, Ettore Beghi, Yannick Béjot, Isabela M. Benseñor, Neeraj Bhala, Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Boris Bikbov, Soufiane Boufous, Blair R Bumgarner, Zahid A Butt, Rosario Cárdenas, Juan Jesús Carrero, Félix Carvalho, Carlos A Castañeda-Orjuela, Fiona Charlson, Liliana G Ciobanu, Massimo Círillo, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Dandona, José das Neves, Dragoş Virgil Daviţoiu, Diego De Leo, Louisa Degenhardt, Robert P Dellavalle, Shirin Djalalinia, Tim Driscoll, Bruce Bartholow Duncan, Holly E Erskine, Sharareh Eskandarieh, Alireza Esteghamati, Kara Estep, André Faro, Farshad Farzadfar, Valery L. Feigin, Seyed‐Mohammad Fereshtehnejad, Alize J Ferrari, Irina Filip, Florian Fischer, Luísa Sório Flor, Nataliya A Foigt, Richard C. Franklin, João M. Furtado, Emmanuela Gakidou, Alberto L. García‐Basteiro, Peter W. Gething, Paramjit Gill, Giorgia Giussani, Sameer Vali Gopalani, Alessandra C. Goulart, H. C. Gugnani, Tarun Gupta, Nima Hafezi‐Nejad, Randah R Hamadeh, Samer Hamidi, Graeme J. Hankey, Josep María Haro, Rasmus Havmoeller, Simon I Hay, Hans W. Hoek, Hung Chak Ho, Sorin Hostiuc, Guoqing Hu, Chantal Huynh, Caleb Mackay Salpeter Irvine, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam, Kathryn H. Jacobsen, Mihajlo Jakovljević, Panniyammakal Jeemon, Vivekanand Jha, Catherine O. Johnson, Jost B. Jonas, Mikk Jürisson, Zubair Kabir, Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader, André Karch, Getachew Mullu Kassa, Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi, Peter Njenga Keiyoro, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Christian Kieling, Yun Jin Kim, Ruth W Kimokoti, Adnan Kısa, Mika Kivimäki, Ann Kristin Knudsen, Jacek A Kopec, Parvaiz A Koul, Ai Koyanagi, Barthélémy Kuate Defo, G Anil Kumar, Ratilal Lalloo, Faris Lami, Anders Larsson, Paul H. Lee, James Leigh, Janni Leung, Miriam Levi, Shai Linn, Shiwei Liu, Yang Liu, Alan D Lopez, Stefan Lorkowski, Paulo A. Lotufo, Azeem Majeed, Reza Malekzadeh, Déborah Carvalho Malta, Abdullah Al Mamun, Helena Manguerra, Francisco Rogerlândio Martins‐Melo, Manu Raj Mathur, Colm McAlinden, John J. McGrath, Martin McKee, Man Mohan Mehndiratta, Ziad A. Memish, Walter Mendoza, Atte Meretoja, Tuomo J Meretoja, Ted R. Miller, Edward J Mills, Erkin М Мirrakhimov, Shafiu Mohammed, Ali H. Mokdad, Lorenzo Monasta, Maziar Moradi‐Lakeh, Paula Moraga, Shane D. Morrison, Ulrich Müeller, Kamarul Imran Musa, Gabriele Nagel, Vinay Nangia, Ionuţ Negoi, Josephine W Ngunjiri, Cuong Tat Nguyen, Minh Nguyen, Bo Norrving, Jean Jacques Noubiap, Felix Akpojene Ogbo, In‐Hwan Oh, Andrew T Olagunju, Bolajoko O. Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun Olusanya, Sok King Ong, Alberto Ortíz, Mayowa Owolabi, P A Mahesh, Charles Parry, Scott B. Patten, George Patton, David M. Pereira, Konrad Pesudovs, Michael Phillips, Dietrich Plaß, Farshad Pourmalek, Amir Radfar, Chhabi Lal Ranabhat, Puja C Rao, Salman Rawaf, Robert C. Reiner, Marissa B Reitsma, André M. N. Renzaho, Serge Resnikoff, Luca Ronfani, Gholamreza Roshandel, Gregory A. Roth, Enrico Rubagotti, Sare Safi, Saeid Safiri, Rajesh Sagar, Joshua A. Salomon, Abdallah M Samy, Damian Santomauro, Itamar S Santos, João Vasco Santos, Milena M Santric-Milicevic, Benn Sartorius, Sonia Saxena, María Inês Schmidt, David C. Schwebel, Falk Schwendicke, Sadaf G Sepanlou, Amira Shaheen, Mika Shigematsu, Rahman Shiri, Reza Shirkoohi, Inga Dóra Sigfúsdóttir, João Pedro Silva, Eirini Skiadaresi, Reed J D Sorensen, Chandrashekhar T Sreeramareddy, Vinay Srinivasan, Jeffrey D Stanaway, Dan J. Stein, Caitlyn Steiner, Mark A. Stokes, Mu’awiyyah Babale Sufiyan, Rafael Tabarés‐Seisdedos, Jukka Takala, Nuno Taveira, Arash Tehrani‐Banihashemi, Marcello Tonelli, Roman Topór-Mądry, Mathilde Touvier, Bach Xuan Tran, Stefanos Tyrovolas, Tommi Vasankari, Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian, Francesco Saverio Violante, Vasily Vlassov, Theo Vos, Yuan‐Pang Wang, Robert G Weintraub, Andrea Werdecker, Ronny Westerman, Harvey Whiteford, Charles Wolfe, Sarah Wulf Hanson, Gelin Xu, Simon Yadgir, Yuichiro Yano, Paul Yip, Naohiro Yonemoto, Mustafa Z Younis, Maigeng Zhou, Stephen S Lim, Timothy J. Steiner, Lars Jacob Stovner, Elisabete Weiderpass, Patrick John Sur, Joseph S Salama, Kalkidan Hassen Abate, Mohsen Afarideh, Sutapa Agrawal, Umar Bacha, Eduardo Bernabé, Sibhatu Biadgilign, Stan Biryukov, Maysaa El Sayed Zaki, Carla Sofia e Sá Farinha, João Carlos Fernandes, Morsaleh Ganji, Richard F Gillum, Amir Kasaeian, Yousef Khader, Young‐Ho Khang, Yoshihiro Kokubo, Rafael Lozano, Winfried März, Renata Micha, Mojde Mirarefin, Mostafa Qorbani, Rajesh Kumar, Juan Sanabria, Amanda G. Thrift, Kingsley Nnanna Ukwaja, Olalekan A. Uthman, Tissa Wijeratne, Victor Aboyans, Denis Xavier, Dorairaj Prabhakaran, Semaw Ferede Abera, Raghib Ali, Walid Ammar, Palwasha Anwari, Sı́món Barquera, Derrick Bennett, Jung‐Chen Chang, Michael H Criqui, Samath Dhamminda Dharmaratne, Eric L. Ding, Abraham D Flaxman, Atsushi Goto, Simerjot K Jassal, André Pascal Kengne, Daniel Kim, Soewarta Kosen, Li Y, Giancarlo Logroscino, George A. Mensah, Mohsen Naghavi, Aliya Naheed, Jasvinder A. Singh, Vegard Skirbekk, Bryan L. Sykes, Seok‐Jun Yoon, Rupert Bourne, Hugh R. Taylor, Janet L Leasher, Kovin Naidoo, Burcu Küçük Biçer, Vafa Rahimi‐Movaghar, Mohammad Hifz Ur Rahman, Koustuv Dalal, Qing Lan, Kalpana Balakrishnan, Haidong Kan, Christine A. Allen, Ryan M Barber, Austin Carter, Daniel Casey, Daniel Dicker, Christina Fitzmaurice, Nancy Fullman, Ellen M Goldberg, Nicholas J Kassebaum, Yohannes Kinfu, Hmwe Hmwe Kyu, Laurie B. Marczak, Grant Nguyen, Helen Elizabeth Olsen, David M. Pigott, Christine Pinho, Zane Rankin, Nikolas Reinig, Christopher Troeger, Amanuel Alemu Abajobir, Ilana N. Ackerman, Ali Kiadaliri, Nadia Akseer, Noore Alam, Ala’a Alkerwi, Rajaa Al‐Raddadi, Ubai Alsharif, Azmeraw T. Amare, Hjalte Holm Andersen, Carl Abelardo T. Antonio, Al Artaman, Hamid Asayesh, Reza Assadi, Ashish Awasthi, Aleksandra Barać, Lars Barregård, Shahrzad Bazargan‐Hejazi, Michelle L. Bell, Adugnaw Berhane, Balem Demtsu Betsu, Addisu Shunu Beyene, Samir Bhatt, Kelly Bienhoff, Donal Bisanzio, Alexandra Bražinová, Rachelle Buchbinder, Hélène Carabin, David O. Carpenter, Ferrán Catalá-López, Chioma Ezinne Chibueze, Vesper Hichilombwe Chisumpa, Cyrus Cooper, John A. Crump, Kebede Deribe, Don C. Des Jarlais, Preet K. Dhillon, Manisha Dubey, Aman Yesuf Endries, Sergey Petrovich Ermakov, Babak Eshrati, Kyle J Foreman, Thomas Fürst, Neal D. Futran, Teshome Gebre, Tsegaye Tewelde Gebrehiwot, Katherine B. Gibney, Ibrahim Ginawi, Ababi Zergaw Giref, Melkamu Dedefo Gishu, William Godwin, Philimon Gona, Amador Goodridge, Vipin Gupta, Alemayehu Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa Hailu, Alexis J. Handal, Yuantao Hao, Hilda L Harb, Roderick J. Hay, Ileana Heredia-Pi, Pouria Heydarpour, Nobuyuki Horita, Damian G Hoy, Aung Soe Htet, Hsiang Huang, Kim Moesgaard Iburg, Nader Jahanmehr, Mehdi Javanbakht, Sudha Jayaraman, Paul N. Jensen, Ritul Kamal, Corine Karema, Anil Kaul, Norito Kawakami, Andre Keren, Jagdish Khubchandani, Pauline Kim, Dhaval Kolte, Michael Kravchenko, Pablo M Lavados, Ricky Leung, Mahdi Mahdavi, Marek Majdán, José Martı́nez-Raga, Peter Memiah, Anoushka Millear, Philip B. Mitchell, Alireza Mohammadi, Marcella Montico, Michele E Murdoch, Jean B. Nachega, Luigi Naldi, Quyen Le Nguyen, Majdi Osman, Eun‐Kee Park, Mahboubeh Parsaeian, Max Petzold, Julian David Pillay, Svetlana Popova, Richie Poulton, Noela M Prasad, Rynaz H S Rabiee, Anwar Rafay, Mahfuzar Rahman, Saša Rajšić, Usha Ram, Antônio Luiz Pinho Ribeiro, Ambuj Roy, Ramesh Sahathevan, Maheswar Satpathy, Monika Sawhney, Ione Jayce Ceola Schneider, Ben Schöttker, Soraya Seedat, Edson Serván‐Mori, Katya Anne Shackelford, Masood Ali Shaikh, Rajesh Sharma, Mark G. Shrime, Diego Augusto Santos Silva, Dayane Gabriele Alves Silveira, Amber Sligar, Luciano A. Sposato, Vasiliki Stathopoulou, Nicholas Steel, S. Steinke, Lars Jacob Stovner, Bruno Sunguya, Soumya Swaminathan, Nikhil Tandon, Mohammad Tavakkoli, Abdullah Sulieman Terkawi, Ruoyan Tobe-Gai, Thomas Truelsen, E. Murat Tuzcu, Eduardo A. Undurraga, Chigozie Jesse Uneke, Sergey Konstantinovitch Vladimirov, Scott Weichenthal, Charles Shey Wiysonge, Rachel Woodbrook, Lijing L. Yan, Pengpeng Ye, Zoubida Zaidi, Sanjay Zodpey, Liesl Zühlke, Tesfay Mehari Atey, Leticia Ávila‐Burgos, Jonathan R. Carapetis, Audra L Gold, Peter J. Hotez, Denny John, Kristopher J Krohn, Hassan Magdy Abd El Razek, Mohsen Mazidi, Haftay Berhane Mezgebe, Eugène Sobngwi, Niguse Tadele Atnafu, Tolassa Wakayo, Abdulhalik Workicho, Martin O’Donnell, Sarah Charlotte Johnson, Barbora de Courten, Xueying Zhang, Emma Nichols, Huyen Phuc, Treh Manhertz, Tinuke O Olagunju, Mari Smith, Abdishakur Abdulle, Amani Nidhal Aichour, Ibtihel Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine Aichour, Dube Jara Boneya, Lemma N Bulto, Honglei Chen, Abdulaal Chitheer, E. Ray Dorsey, Rahul Gupta, Habtamu Abera Hareri, Anshul Kastor, Misgan Legesse Liben, Mohammed Magdy Abd El Razek, LG Mantovani, Suresh Mehata, Mubarek Abera, Shiva Raj Mishra, Kedir Endris Mohammed, Trang Huyen Nguyen, Dina Nur Anggraini Ningrum, Vuong Minh Nong, Kald Beshir Tuem, Fiseha Wadilo, Traolach Brugha, Deena Alasfoor, Tenaw Yimer Tiruye, Marcel Yotebieng, Rintaro Mori, Howard J. Hoffman, Sandra Nolte, James Harvey, Katarzyna Kissimova‐Skarbek, Karzan Abdulmuhsin Mohammad, Adrian Pană, Yaw Ampem Amoako, Eyal Oren, Jun She, Zerihun Menlkalew Zenebe, Abdu A. Adamu, Sachin Atre, Marlena S. Bannick, Chris D Castle, Paolo Angelo Cortesi, Alireza Ghajar, Nathaniel J Henry, Tim Lucas, Ira Martopullo, Ruxandra Irina Negoi, Afarin Rahimi‐Movaghar, Dillon O Sylte, Santosh Varughese, Badr Hasan Sobaih, Murray B. Stein, Charles R. Newton, Neil Pearce, Anthony D. Woolf, Rakesh Aggarwal, Kefyalew Addis Alene, Reza Alizadeh‐Navaei, Ayele Geleto, Mircea Beuran, Lucero Cahuana-Hurtado, Hsing‐Yi Chang, Abel Fekadu Dadi, Selina Deiparine, Subhojit Dey, Kerrie Doyle, Ziad El‐Khatib, Ahmadali Enayati, Tanush Gupta, Caitlin Hawley, Chad Ikeda, Rajendra Kadel, Amaha Kahsay, Ardeshir Khosravi, Rakesh Lodha, Nicola Low, Erlyn Rachelle King Macarayan, Reza Majdzadeh, Kalayu Brhane Mruts, Kate Muller, Olanrewaju Oladimeji, Rosana Pacella, Katherine Paulson, Caroline Purcell, Satar Rezaei, Nafis Sadat, Mahdi Safdarian, Sundeep Salvi, Peilin Shi, Kawkab Shishani, Narinder Pal Singh, Dhirendra Narain Sinha, Erica Leigh Slepak, David L. Smith, Michelle Subart, Derrick Tsoi, Rachel L Updike, Bayu Begashaw Bekele, Mate Car, Ehimario Igumbor, Cheru Tesema Leshargie, Valeria Caso, Ewan Cameron, Katherine E. Battle, Rajeev Gupta, Justin Beardsley, Guohong Jiang, Sanjay Krishnaswami, Jong-Tae Lee, Katharine J Looker, John Nelson Opio, Christina Papachristou, George Mugambage Ruhago, Yukito Shinohara, Gopalakrishnan Natarajan, Reginald Quansah, Xiaofeng Liang, Martin A Pletcher, Stephanie J. London, Bereket Yakob, Teshome Abuka Abebo, Sanjay Agarwal, Sneha Aiyar, Fatma Al‐Maskari, Shirina Alsowaidi, Erfan Amini, Krishna Kumar Aryal, Solomon Weldegebreal Asgedom, Euripide Frinel G Arthur Avokphako, Bob Battista, Jennifer Benson, Derbew Fikadu Berhe, Pushpendra Kumar, Shreya Shirude, Aaron Osgood‐Zimmerman, Sarah E. Ray, Dharmesh Kumar Lal, Mirriam Chibalabala, Devasahayam Jesudas Christopher, Kadine Priscila Bender dos Santos, Patrick Y Liu, Chabila C Mapoma, Awoke Misganaw, Gudlavalleti Venkata Satyanarayana Murthy, Ramesh Vidavalur, Mansour Shamsipour, Mohammad Sadegh Hassanvand, Abla Mehio Sibai, Mark Moses, Marcia R. Weaver, Hailay Abrha Gesesew, Narayan Prasad, Nadim E Karam, Nigussie Assefa Kassaw, Anil Bhansali, Charles Birungi, Habtamu Mellie Bizuayehu, Danny V. Colombara, Dirk Douwes‐Schultz, Jerisha Ellerstrand, Fanuel Belayneh Bekele Fanuel, Mir Sohail Fazeli, Tesfaye Regassa Feyissa, Bikila Lencha, Max Griswold, Julio Montañez Hernandez, Ibrahim A Khalil, Sanjiv Kumar, Nkurunziza Lambert, Yongmei Li, Darya Li Kappe, Angela Liu, Rajesh Malhotra, Ana Mantilla, Madeline McGaughey, Claire R. McNellan, Tefera Chane Mekonnen, Desalegn Tadese Mengistu, Sanjay K. Mohanty, Sarah K Mollenkopf, Chloe Morozoff, Cliff Mountjoy-Venning, Dumessa Edessa Negasa, Anselm Okoro, Basant Kumar Panda, Carrie Beth Peterson, Paturi Vishnupriya Rao, Soheil Saadat, Mahdi Safdarian, Huda Omer Ba Saleem, Tesfaye Setegn, Jayendra Sharma, Chloe Shields, Girma Temam Shifa, Tatiane Moraes de Sousa, Bryan Strub, Getachew Redae Taffere, Tesfalidet Tekelab, Dawit Tesfaye, Belay Tesssema, Ornwipa Thamsuwan, Katie E Thomas, Mette Christophersen Tollånes, Miguel Tortajada, Suryakant Tripathi, Benjamin Uzochukwu, Job F. M. van Boven, S Venkatesh, Stein Emil Vollset, Mohsen Yaghoubi, Hassen Hamid Yimam, Elias Asfaw Zegeye, Ben Zipkin, Walid Ammar, Sarah Wulf Hanson, Bikila Lencha Gemechu, Mubarek Abera Mengistie, Christina Papachristou, Carrie Purcell
2017-09-01
SCID:  54.1/vqp6w4yh Discuss with AI
Bayesian meta-regressionDisMod-MR 2.1Global Burden of Disease StudySocio-demographic Indexyears lived with disability
Abstract (AI)
BACKGROUND: As mortality rates decline, life expectancy increases, and populations age, non-fatal outcomes of diseases and injuries are becoming a larger component of the global burden of disease. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016) provides a comprehensive assessment of prevalence, incidence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) for 328 causes in 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2016. METHODS: We estimated prevalence and incidence for 328 diseases and injuries and 2982 sequelae, their non-fatal consequences. We used DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression tool, as the main method of estimation, ensuring consistency between incidence, prevalence, remission, and cause of death rates for each condition. For some causes, we used alternative modelling strategies if incidence or prevalence needed to be derived from other data. YLDs were estimated as the product of prevalence and a disability weight for all mutually exclusive sequelae, corrected for comorbidity and aggregated to cause level. We updated the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a summary indicator of income per capita, years of schooling, and total fertility rate. GBD 2016 complies with the Guidelines for Accurate and Transparent Health Estimates Reporting (GATHER). FINDINGS: Globally, low back pain, migraine, age-related and other hearing loss, iron-deficiency anaemia, and major depressive disorder were the five leading causes of YLDs in 2016, contributing 57·6 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 40·8-75·9 million [7·2%, 6·0-8·3]), 45·1 million (29·0-62·8 million [5·6%, 4·0-7·2]), 36·3 million (25·3-50·9 million [4·5%, 3·8-5·3]), 34·7 million (23·0-49·6 million [4·3%, 3·5-5·2]), and 34·1 million (23·5-46·0 million [4·2%, 3·2-5·3]) of total YLDs, respectively. Age-standardised rates of YLDs for all causes combined decreased between 1990 and 2016 by 2·7% (95% UI 2·3-3·1). Despite mostly stagnant age-standardised rates, the absolute number of YLDs from non-communicable diseases has been growing rapidly across all SDI quintiles, partly because of population growth, but also the ageing of populations. The largest absolute increases in total numbers of YLDs globally were between the ages of 40 and 69 years. Age-standardised YLD rates for all conditions combined were 10·4% (95% UI 9·0-11·8) higher in women than in men. Iron-deficiency anaemia, migraine, Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, major depressive disorder, anxiety, and all musculoskeletal disorders apart from gout were the main conditions contributing to higher YLD rates in women. Men had higher age-standardised rates of substance use disorders, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancers, and all injuries apart from sexual violence. Globally, we noted much less geographical variation in disability than has been documented for premature mortality. In 2016, there was a less than two times difference in age-standardised YLD rates for all causes between the location with the lowest rate (China, 9201 YLDs per 100 000, 95% UI 6862-11943) and highest rate (Yemen, 14 774 YLDs per 100 000, 11 018-19 228). INTERPRETATION: The decrease in death rates since 1990 for most causes has not been matched by a similar decline in age-standardised YLD rates. For many large causes, YLD rates have either been stagnant or have increased for some causes, such as diabetes. As populations are ageing, and the prevalence of disabling disease generally increases steeply with age, health systems will face increasing demand for services that are generally costlier than the interventions that have led to declines in mortality in childhood or for the major causes of mortality in adults. Up-to-date information about the trends of disease and how this varies between countries is essential to plan for an adequate health-system response. FUNDING: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, and the National Institute on Aging and the National Institute of Mental Health of the National Institutes of Health.
Key Findings
1
DisMod-MR 2.1 was used as the primary Bayesian meta-regression method to ensure consistency among incidence, prevalence, remission, and cause-specific mortality estimates.
2
GBD 2016 estimated incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 328 diseases and injuries across 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2016.
3
In 2016, low back pain, migraine, hearing loss, iron-deficiency anaemia, and major depressive disorder were the five leading global causes of years lived with disability.
4
The global age-standardised YLD rate for all causes combined decreased by 2.7% between 1990 and 2016, despite largely stagnant age-standardised rates for many conditions.
5
These five leading causes contributed 57.6 million, 45.1 million, 36.3 million, 34.7 million, and 34.1 million YLDs, respectively, with low back pain accounting for 7.2% of total YLDs.
Research Object

Global burden of 328 diseases and injuries across 195 countries from 1990–2016

Research Subject

Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability (YLDs), including temporal trends and leading causes

Publication Details
Publication Date
2017-09-01
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Authors
Kazem Rahimi
Norberto Perico
Giuseppe Remuzzi
Ashkan Afshin
Renata Micha
Amitava Banerjee
Christopher J L Murray
Cristiana Abbafati
Kaja Abbas
Foad Abd-Allah
Laith J. Abu‐Raddad
Olatunji Adetokunboh
Anurag Agrawal
Hamid Ahmadieh
Muktar Beshir Ahmed
Rufus Akinyemi
Fares Alahdab
Ziyad Al‐Aly
Khurshid Alam
Shazia Alam
François Alla
Peter Allebeck
Khalid A Altirkawi
Johan Ärnlöv
Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla
Alaa Badawi
Suzanne Barker‐Collo
Till Bärnighausen
Lope H. Barrero
Sanjay Basu
Bernhard T. Baune
Neeraj Bedi
Ettore Beghi
Yannick Béjot
Isabela M. Benseñor
Neeraj Bhala
Zulfiqar A Bhutta
Boris Bikbov
Soufiane Boufous
Blair R Bumgarner
Zahid A Butt
Rosario Cárdenas
Juan Jesús Carrero
Félix Carvalho
Carlos A Castañeda-Orjuela
Fiona Charlson
Liliana G Ciobanu
Massimo Círillo
Lalit Dandona
Rakhi Dandona
José das Neves
Dragoş Virgil Daviţoiu
Diego De Leo
Louisa Degenhardt
Robert P Dellavalle
Shirin Djalalinia
Tim Driscoll
Bruce Bartholow Duncan
Holly E Erskine
Sharareh Eskandarieh
Alireza Esteghamati
Kara Estep
André Faro
Farshad Farzadfar
Valery L. Feigin
Seyed‐Mohammad Fereshtehnejad
Alize J Ferrari
Irina Filip
Florian Fischer
Luísa Sório Flor
Nataliya A Foigt
Richard C. Franklin
João M. Furtado
Emmanuela Gakidou
Alberto L. García‐Basteiro
Peter W. Gething
Paramjit Gill
Giorgia Giussani
Sameer Vali Gopalani
Alessandra C. Goulart
H. C. Gugnani
Tarun Gupta
Nima Hafezi‐Nejad
Randah R Hamadeh
Samer Hamidi
Graeme J. Hankey
Josep María Haro
Rasmus Havmoeller
Simon I Hay
Hans W. Hoek
Hung Chak Ho
Sorin Hostiuc
Guoqing Hu
Chantal Huynh
Caleb Mackay Salpeter Irvine
Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam
Kathryn H. Jacobsen
Mihajlo Jakovljević
Panniyammakal Jeemon
Vivekanand Jha
Catherine O. Johnson
Jost B. Jonas
Mikk Jürisson
Zubair Kabir
Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader
André Karch
Getachew Mullu Kassa
Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi
Peter Njenga Keiyoro
Ejaz Ahmad Khan
Christian Kieling
Yun Jin Kim
Ruth W Kimokoti
Adnan Kısa
Mika Kivimäki
Ann Kristin Knudsen
Jacek A Kopec
Parvaiz A Koul
Ai Koyanagi
Barthélémy Kuate Defo
G Anil Kumar
Ratilal Lalloo
Faris Lami
Anders Larsson
Paul H. Lee
James Leigh
Janni Leung
Miriam Levi
Shai Linn
Shiwei Liu
Yang Liu
Alan D Lopez
Stefan Lorkowski
Paulo A. Lotufo
Azeem Majeed
Reza Malekzadeh
Déborah Carvalho Malta
Abdullah Al Mamun
Helena Manguerra
Francisco Rogerlândio Martins‐Melo
Manu Raj Mathur
Colm McAlinden
John J. McGrath
Martin McKee
Man Mohan Mehndiratta
Ziad A. Memish
Walter Mendoza
Atte Meretoja
Tuomo J Meretoja
Ted R. Miller
Edward J Mills
Erkin М Мirrakhimov
Shafiu Mohammed
Ali H. Mokdad
Lorenzo Monasta
Maziar Moradi‐Lakeh
Paula Moraga
Shane D. Morrison
Ulrich Müeller
Kamarul Imran Musa
Gabriele Nagel
Vinay Nangia
Ionuţ Negoi
Josephine W Ngunjiri
Cuong Tat Nguyen
Minh Nguyen
Bo Norrving
Jean Jacques Noubiap
Felix Akpojene Ogbo
In‐Hwan Oh
Andrew T Olagunju
Bolajoko O. Olusanya
Jacob Olusegun Olusanya
Sok King Ong
Alberto Ortíz
Mayowa Owolabi
P A Mahesh
Charles Parry
Scott B. Patten
George Patton
David M. Pereira
Konrad Pesudovs
Michael Phillips
Dietrich Plaß
Farshad Pourmalek
Amir Radfar
Chhabi Lal Ranabhat
Puja C Rao
Salman Rawaf
Robert C. Reiner
Marissa B Reitsma
André M. N. Renzaho
Serge Resnikoff
Luca Ronfani
Gholamreza Roshandel
Gregory A. Roth
Enrico Rubagotti
Sare Safi
Saeid Safiri
Rajesh Sagar
Joshua A. Salomon
Abdallah M Samy
Damian Santomauro
Itamar S Santos
João Vasco Santos
Milena M Santric-Milicevic
Benn Sartorius
Sonia Saxena
María Inês Schmidt
David C. Schwebel
Falk Schwendicke
Sadaf G Sepanlou
Amira Shaheen
Mika Shigematsu
Rahman Shiri
Reza Shirkoohi
Inga Dóra Sigfúsdóttir
João Pedro Silva
Eirini Skiadaresi
Reed J D Sorensen
Chandrashekhar T Sreeramareddy
Vinay Srinivasan
Jeffrey D Stanaway
Dan J. Stein
Caitlyn Steiner
Mark A. Stokes
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