Qualitative Data Analysis

Qualitative research has gained traction in applied linguistics, particularly language education, as it offers situated perspectives on teaching and learning practices and individual differences. However, qualitative data analysis is an onerous process that is contingent on an array of elements, including the settings encompassing the research, researchers' subjectivity, and the nature of the collected data. This chapter focuses primarily on approaches to qualitative data analysis, the significance of context in interpreting qualitative data, and procedures for transcribing and coding data. It also discusses the role and extent of influence of researchers on data analysis and methods of triangulation. Two prominent tools, i.e. content analysis and thematic analysis, are presented in detail showcasing the underlying principles, the steps involved in data analysis, and their respective values and limitations. The chapter concludes with a summative emphasis on major attributes of qualitative data analysis and researchers' role in analyzing and interpreting qualitative data.